Beggar - Ukenin

Japanese: 請人 - うけにん

In manors during the Kamakura and Muromachi periods, when land stewards and manor officials contracted with the lord of the manor to pay a certain amount of annual tax (→ keisho), the party making the contract was called a keinin. In the Middle Ages and early modern times, guarantors were also called keinin. In the Middle Ages, keinin were obligated to pay compensation in the event of the debtor's flight or death, and in the event of the debtor's default, it was necessary to state this in the guarantee document in order to have the keinin make compensation. In the early modern period, keinin were mainly used for people, land, stores, and money. Unlike in the Middle Ages, in the case of money, keinin were obligated to make compensation in the event of the debtor's default, and in the event of the debtor's death (death), it was necessary to state this in the debt certificate in order to have the keinin make compensation. However, after 1704, it was required that the keinin make compensation in the event of the debtor's death, regardless of whether there was a statement of death.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

鎌倉，室町時代の荘園において，地頭，荘官らが一定額の年貢納入を荘園領主に対して請負う場合 (→請所 ) ，請負う側のものを請人といった。また，中世，近世における保証人を請人と称した。中世における請人は，債務者の逃亡，死亡の場合に弁償の義務を負い，債務者の債務不履行の場合にも，請人に弁償させるためには保証文書にその旨を記載する必要があった。近世における請人は，人請，地請，店請，金請などの場合が主であったが，金請の場合中世とは異なり，債務者の債務不履行の場合当然に弁償の義務を負い，債務者の死失 (死亡) の際に請人に弁償させるためには債務証書にその旨を記載する必要があった。しかし，宝永1 (1704) 年以降，死失文言の有無にかかわらず，債務者死失のときも請人が弁償すべきものとされた。

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