Northward Advancement Theory

Japanese: 北進論 - ほくしんろん

A theory of Japan's expansion into the north of the continent, including Korea, Manchuria, and Siberia, since the Meiji period. Specific manifestations of this theory include the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War, the Japan-Korea Annexation, the Siberian Intervention, and the Manchurian Incident. While the Southern Expansion theory originally aimed for economic development in the south, the Northern Expansion theory had a strong tendency to expand power through military force and was primarily aimed at competing with Russia. In particular, after the Russian Revolution, the Army and other parties advocated a war against the Soviet Union, as communism was seen as a threat to the nation. On the other hand, the Navy advocated a Southern Expansion theory, with the United States and Britain as potential enemies, and the two sides were in conflict, but with the expansion of the Second Sino-Japanese War and the dominance of the German army in Europe as a backdrop, the Army also gradually leaned toward the Southern Expansion theory, and the Southern Expansion policy became more aggressive, leading to the Pacific War.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

明治以降の日本による朝鮮，満州，シベリアなど大陸北方への進出論。日清戦争，日露戦争，日韓併合，シベリア出兵，満州事変などはその具体的現れであった。南進論が元来南方への経済的発展を目指したのに対し，北進論には武力による勢力拡大の傾向が強く，ロシアとの対抗を主眼とした。とりわけロシア革命以後は，共産主義が国体を脅かすとして陸軍を中心に対ソ主戦論が唱えられた。一方海軍はアメリカ，イギリスなどを仮想敵国に南進論を主張し，両者が対立していたが，日中戦争の拡大とヨーロッパでのドイツ軍の優勢を背景に，陸軍も次第に南進論に傾き，南進政策が積極化し，太平洋戦争にいたった。

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