Oxidant (English spelling)

Japanese: オキシダント(英語表記)oxidant
Oxidant (English spelling)
A general term for highly oxidizing substances such as atomic oxygen and ozone, which are produced by the reaction of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere, which are generated from automobile exhaust gases, with sunlight, especially ultraviolet light, and peroxides produced by the reaction of these. Oxidants are said to be produced as follows: first, nitrogen dioxide ( NO2) , which has strong light absorption properties, absorbs light of 420 nm or less and decomposes into nitric oxide (NO) and atomic oxygen (O), which then reacts with oxygen (O2 ) in the atmosphere to become ozone ( O3) , or hydrocarbons react with oxygen in the air under the action of light and turn into peroxides, which then decompose further to become ozone. Another important oxidant in air pollution is PAN ( CH3COOONO ), which is thought to be produced from hydrocarbons via aldehydes. Oxidants in the atmosphere oxidize sulfurous acid, which is produced by the reaction of sulfurous acid gas and moisture in the air, to sulfuric acid, and are said to be the cause of photochemical smog and sulfuric acid mist.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
自動車の排気ガスなどを発生源とし,大気中に存在する炭化水素と窒素酸化物が,太陽光線,特に紫外線の作用によって反応を起して生じた,原子状酸素やオゾン,あるいはこれらを媒介としてできた過酸化物などのような,酸化性の強い物質の総称。オキシダントの生成は,まず光吸収性の強い二酸化窒素 NO2 が,420nm 以下の光を吸収し,一酸化窒素 NOと原子状酸素Oとに分解し,次いでこのO は大気中の酸素 O2 と反応して,オゾン O3 となるか,あるいは炭化水素が光の作用により空気中の酸素と反応し過酸化物に変化し,さらに分解してオゾンとなる,などといわれている。なお大気汚染のオキシダントとして炭化水素からアルデヒドを経て生成したと考えられる PAN (CH3COOONO) も重要である。大気中のオキシダントは大気中の亜硫酸ガスと湿気が反応してできる亜硫酸を酸化して硫酸とするので,光化学スモッグ,硫酸ミストの原因をなすといわれている。

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