In 1821, Bertier published his analysis of hydroferroaluminous clays from Les Baux in Avignon, France [Bertier: 1821]. This was named beauxite by Dufrenoy [Dufrenoy: 1847], and later renamed bauxite by Deville [Deville: 1861]. Bauxite was once defined as a mineral with the composition Al 2 O 3 · 2H 2 O, but it was found to be an aggregate of several types of aluminum hydrates, including gibbsite (Al 2 O 3 ·3H 2 O), boehmite (Al 2 O 3 ·H 2 O), and their isomorphic dimorphic diaspore. Bauxite deposits are important alumina resource deposits, and ideal deposits contain 40-50% Al 2 O 3 and 20% Fe 2 O 3 , with only 3-5% SiO 2 . Bauxite generally forms in areas of igneous, metamorphic, and calcareous rocks as blanket-like deposits caused by leaching by groundwater in stable plateau regions with little relief. Some of the rocks are the result of re-deposition of rocks formed in other regions, and may be associated with continental shelf deposits. Bauxite forms in all geological eras. In general, gibbsite is found in Tertiary and modern bauxite deposits, boehmite in Mesozoic deposits, and diaspore in Paleozoic and older bauxite deposits [Valeton: 1972]. Source: Asakura Publishing Dictionary of Petrology Information |
1821年にベルティエがフランスのアヴィニョン(Avignon)の(Les Baux)のhydoferroaluminousな粘土を分析して発表した[Bertier : 1821].これがデュフレノイによってbeauxiteとされ[Dufrenoy : 1847],後にデヴィルによってbauxiteと再命名された[Deville : 1861].ボーキサイトはかつて(Al2O3・2H2O)組成の鉱物と定義されたが,ギブサイト(Al2O3・3H2O),ベーマイト(Al2O3・H2O)と,これらの同質二像のダイアスポアなど数種類のアルミニウム水和物の集合であることがわかった.ボーキサイトの堆積物は重要なアルミナの資源鉱床で,理想的なものでは40~50%のAl2O3と20%のFe2O3を含み,SiO2は3~5%しか含まれていない.ボーキサイトは,一般に起伏の少ない安定した台地地域で地下水によって溶脱することで毛布状の堆積物として,火成岩,変成岩,石灰質岩などの地域で形成される.中には他の地域で形成されたものが再堆積したものもあり,大陸棚堆積物を伴うことがある.ボーキサイトはすべての地質時代に形成される.一般的にはギブサイトは第三紀および現在のボーキサイト堆積物に産出し,ベーマイトは中生代の堆積物に,ダイアスポアは古生代および古いボーキサイト堆積物に産出する特徴がある[Valeton : 1972]. 出典 朝倉書店岩石学辞典について 情報 |
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