Hojo Tokimune

Japanese: 北条時宗 - ほうじょう・ときむね

Year of death: April 4, 1284 (April 20, 1284)
Year of birth: Kencho 3.5.15 (1251.6.5)
A military commander in the mid-Kamakura period. His father was Tokiyori and his mother was the daughter of Shigetoki. His childhood name was Shojumaru. His Buddhist name was Doko and his pen name was Hokojidono. His wife was Horiuchidono (the daughter of Adachi Yoshikage, Kakuzan Shido, who later became the founder of Tokeiji Temple). His residences were Totei (Hokaiji Temple) and the villa Yamauchi Sentei. He was born in 1251 (Kencho 3) at the residence of Tokiyori's mother, Matsushita Zenni, and in 1257 (Kogen 2) he had his coming-of-age ceremony at the palace of Shogun Prince Munetaka, and in 1260 (Bun'o 1) he became the head priest of the Shozaimodoro. The other head priest, Hojo Sanetoki, is thought to have been Tokimune's tutor in his youth. In 1263 (Kōchō 3), Tokiyori died, and the following year (1264) the regent Nagatoki became a monk, Masamura became regent, and Tokimune became a rensho. He was appointed as Rensho because he was too young to succeed Tokuso. In 1839, he was promoted to Junior Fifth Rank and took up the post of Sagami no Kami. Major events during his time as Rensho were the dismissal of Shogun Prince Munetaka in 1840 and the appointment of Prince Koreyasu to Shogun, while the decision to expel him was made in a council of four men, Tokimune, Masamura, Sanetoki, and Adachi Yasumori, at Tokimune's residence. This event marked a shift from regent control to a regent-led gathering. In 1850, he became the 8th regent, and in February 1851, in a plot with Yasumori, he murdered the brothers Nagoe Tokiaki and Noritoki in Kamakura, and killed his elder brother Hojo Tokisuke, who had been exiled to Rokuhara Tandai, thereby solidifying his power as regent (February Disturbance). Around this time, he devoted his energy to responding to the Mongol invasions, and after the arrival of Goryeo envoys in 1226, he ordered his vassals with territories in Chinzei to descend to Chinzei, and after repelling the Mongol army in 1230, he made it clear that non-vassals in the Honjo area would also be mobilized, expanding the shogunate's jurisdiction beyond the scope of the vassals. Furthermore, after repelling the Mongol army's attack in 1281, he established a special council for the Chinzei region consisting of the Chinzei shugo and the joint magistrates dispatched from Kanto, and established a defense against foreign countries. In terms of faith, he was devoted to Zen and converted to Daikyu Shonen, and offered Rankei Doryu the land for a new temple, but after Doryu's death, he invited Mugai Sogen from China and founded Engakuji Temple. In addition, the Important Cultural Property "Honcho Zoku Monsui" was copied by Hojo Sanetoki in 1226, but it is written that it was collated with the "Sagami Gohon." This may represent a part of the copy held by the Jishu sect. His grave is in the Butsuni-an temple of Engakuji Temple. References: Shoji Kawazoe, "The Period of Hojo Tokimune's Joint Signatures" (Kanazawa Bunko Research, No. 263), Keiichi Kudo, "Hojo Tokimune," Shosuke Murai, "The Mongol Invasion and the Establishment of the Chinzei Tandai" (Medieval Japan in Asia)

(Kinji Fukushima)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：弘安7.4.4(1284.4.20)
生年：建長3.5.15(1251.6.5)
鎌倉中期の武将。父は時頼。母は重時の娘。童名は正寿丸。法名は道杲,号は法光寺殿。夫人は堀内殿(安達義景の娘,覚山志道,のちの東慶寺開山)。邸宅は東亭(宝戒寺)と別荘の山内泉亭。建長3(1251)年,時頼の母・松下禅尼の邸で誕生し,康元2(1257)年に将軍宗尊親王の御所で元服,文応1(1260)年に小侍所別当となる。もうひとりの別当の北条実時は,少年時代の時宗の養育係とみられる。弘長3(1263)年,時頼が死去して翌文永1(1264)年,執権長時が出家し政村が執権となり,時宗は連署に就く。連署就任は,得宗継承には若年であったことによる。同2年に従五位上となり相模守。連署時代の主要な事件は同3年の将軍・宗尊親王の更迭と惟康親王の将軍就任であり,追放は時宗邸で時宗,政村,実時,安達泰盛の4名の合議で決定された。執権主導から得宗寄合への移行を示す事件であった。同5年8代執権となると,同9年2月,泰盛との画策で鎌倉で名越時章・教時兄弟を殺害,六波羅探題に追放していた舎兄・北条時輔を殺害し得宗権力を確定した(二月騒動)。この前後から,蒙古襲来への対応に精力を傾け,文永8年の高麗使節の来朝後に鎮西に所領を持つ御家人の鎮西下向を命じ,また,同11年の元軍撃退後は本所一円の地の非御家人をも動員することを明示し幕府の管轄権を御家人の枠外へと広げた。さらに弘安4(1281)年の元軍の襲来を撃退したのちは,鎮西守護と関東派遣の合奉行による鎮西特殊合議機関を設置し,異国警固を整備した。信仰面では,禅に傾倒し大休正念に帰依し,蘭渓道隆に新寺院の提供を申し出たが道隆の死去後,無学祖元を中国から招請し円覚寺を開いた。また,重文『本朝続文粋』は文永9年に北条実時が書写したものだが「相州御本」で校合したと記す。時宗所持本の一端を示すものか。墓堂は円覚寺仏日庵。<参考文献>川添昭二「北条時宗の連署時代」(『金沢文庫研究』263号),工藤敬一『北条時宗』,村井章介「蒙古襲来と鎮西探題の成立」(『アジアのなかの中世日本』)

(福島金治)

出典　朝日日本歴史人物事典：（株）朝日新聞出版朝日日本歴史人物事典について　情報

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