Shrink-proof processing

Japanese: 防縮加工 - ボウシュクカコウ
Shrink-proof processing

When woven fabrics are distorted by wetting or heating during manufacturing, the fibers swell and the distortion is relieved, causing the cloth to shrink. In addition, with woolen fabrics, depending on the structure and properties of the wool, felting can occur under certain conditions, causing the woolen fabric to gradually shrink. This is a process used to prevent such shrinkage.
(1) Method of relieving distortion by physical means: Heat and moisture are applied to the fabric to give it some slack, allowing it to relax and shrink, removing distortion and preventing further shrinkage under the predicted conditions of use. This is mainly used for cellulosic fabrics and synthetic fibers. A method of actively pre-shrinking the fabric by combining moisture with mechanical action is used for cellulosic fabrics, mainly cotton (sanforization processing).
(2) Chemical means: Thermosetting resins and reactive processing agents are used on cellulosic fabrics to give them wrinkle and shrink resistance (resin processing). To prevent woolen fabrics from shrinking, there are methods to reduce the felting properties of the wool by treating it with chlorination or oxidation, or to form a thin resin film on the surface of the wool scales by interfacial polymerization or other methods.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

Japanese:

織物は製造時に湿潤,加熱などでひずみを与えたとき,繊維の膨潤,ひずみの緩和により,布が収縮することがある.また,毛織物では羊毛の構造と性質により,条件によっては,フェルト化が起こり,毛織物がしだいに収縮する.これらの収縮を防ぐための加工をいう.
(1)物理的手段によりひずみを緩和する方法:熱および水分を与えながら布に余裕をもたせ,緩和収縮させ,ひずみを取り除き,予測される使用条件においての収縮の進行をあらかじめ取り除く.おもにセルロース系織物,合成繊維に用いられる.布に給湿とともに機械的作用を併用し,積極的にあらかじめ収縮させる方法は,綿を主としたセルロース系織物に用いられる(サンフォライズ加工).
(2)化学的手段によるもの:セルロース系織物に対して,熱硬化性樹脂,反応性加工剤を用い,防しわ性を与えるとともに防縮性を与える(樹脂加工).毛織物の収縮を防ぐには,羊毛を塩素化,酸化などの処理により,フェルト性を減少させる方法や,羊毛スケール表面に界面重合などで薄い樹脂皮膜を形成させる方法がある.

出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報

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