An aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon (alkane). It is a general term for all octanes other than n -octane, but in fuel it usually refers to 2,2,4-trimethylpentane. It is found in small amounts in crude oil. It can be produced by alkylating isobutane with isobutene using an acid catalyst, or by dimerizing isobutene using sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid as a catalyst and hydrogenating the resulting diisobutene (isooctene). Both methods produce small amounts of other isomers as by-products, so purification is necessary. Its structure is a branched pentane with three methyl groups. It is a colorless liquid. Melting point -107.38 °C, boiling point 99.24 °C. 0.68781. 1.38898. Soluble in ether, slightly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in water. It is the standard fuel (octane number = 100) for measuring the octane number, which indicates the anti-knock properties of gasoline, and is mainly used as a fuel to blend high-octane gasoline. It is also used as a solvent. [CAS 540-84-1] Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
脂肪族飽和炭化水素(アルカン)の一つ.n-オクタン以外のオクタンの総称であるが,燃料では通常,2,2,4-トリメチルペンタンのことをいう.原油中に少量含まれる.製法は,酸性触媒を用いて,イソブタンをイソブテンでアルキル化する方法と,イソブテンを硫酸またはリン酸を触媒として二量化し,生成したジイソブテン(イソオクテン)を水素化する方法とがある.いずれの方法もほかの異性体を少量副生するので,精製が必要である.構造はペンタンに三つのメチル基が分枝状に結合したものである.無色の液体.融点-107.38 ℃,沸点99.24 ℃.0.68781.1.38898.エーテルに可溶,エタノールに微溶,水に不溶.ガソリンのアンチノック性を示すオクタン価を測定するための標準燃料(オクタン価=100)であり,燃料としておもに高オクタン価ガソリンの配合に用いられる.ほかに溶剤としての用途もある.[CAS 540-84-1] 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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