...The 9th century Frankish emperor Charlemagne's constables are famous as an early example, but in England, they began to be used systematically from the late 12th century onwards, and played a part in the elimination of local laws and the formation of the common law, which was the common law of the kingdom. It remains a feature of the Anglo-American judicial system to this day. In England, there was a circuit court called the assizes, which was a circuit court consisting of High Court judges who regularly visited seven circuits, but this was abolished in the 1971 reforms, and the only superior court in England and Wales is now in London. However, the local judicial system is such that the country is divided into about 400 districts for civil cases, each of which has a county court, and some of these are further combined into a circuit. Trials are held at least once a month by circuit judges in the county courts. *Some of the terms mentioned in the "Assize Trial" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…フランク王国9世紀のカール大帝による巡察使が早期の例として有名であるが,イギリスではとりわけ12世紀後半から組織的にこれが使われだし,地方法の駆逐,王国共通法であるコモン・ロー形成に一役買っており,現在でも英米法系の司法制度の一特色として残っている。 イギリスでは,長い間高等法院の裁判官を中心に七つの巡回区を定期的に巡回していたアサイズ裁判assizesという巡回裁判があったが,1971年の大改革によって廃止され,現在は上位裁判所がイングランドとウェールズを通じてロンドンにしかない点では変わらないが,地方での裁判組織は,民事は全国を約400の管区に分け,そのそれぞれにカウンティ裁判所があり,それらのいくつかがさらに一つの巡回区にまとめられている。カウンティ裁判所では少なくとも月1回は巡回区裁判官により裁判される。… ※「アサイズ裁判」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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