Polymerization is caused by irradiating monomers with high-energy radiation such as X-rays, alpha rays, beta rays, gamma rays, or neutron beams. Solid-state polymerization is also possible. The mechanism by which polymerization begins is complex, but it is thought that ions or radicals (free radicals) are generated by irradiating monomers with radiation, and these then drive the polymerization. M → M + + e M → M * → M・ The efficiency of radical production is indicated by the number of radicals produced per 100 eV of absorbed energy ( GR value). Therefore, solvents with a large GR value can act as a type of sensitizer. When a monomer is irradiated with radiation in the presence of a polymer, polymer radicals or polymer peroxides are produced and graft copolymerization proceeds. Many copolymerization reactions are also known, including ethene-tetrafluoroethene, propene-tetrafluoroethene, and styrene-acrylonitrile. Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
高エネルギー放射線であるX線,α線,β線,γ線,中性子線などを単量体に照射して重合を行わせること.固相重合も可能である.重合の開始機構は複雑であるが,放射線を単量体に照射することにより,イオンあるいはラジカル(遊離基)が生成し,これらによって重合が進行するものと考えられる. M → M+ + e M → M* → M・ ラジカルの生成効率は,吸収されたエネルギー100 eV 当たりに生成するラジカル数(GR 値)で示される.したがって,GR 値の大きな溶媒は,一種の増感剤となりうる.重合体の共存下で単量体に放射線を照射すると,重合体ラジカルあるいは重合体ペルオキシドが生成し,グラフト共重合が進行する.エテン-テトラフルオロエテン,プロペン-テトラフルオロエテン,スチレン-アクリロニトリルなど多数の共重合反応も知られている. 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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