The term refers to the multinucleated trophic body of a myxomycete fungus. It has no cell wall and moves in an amoeboid manner, absorbing organic matter and preying on organic particles and bacteria. As it grows, it undergoes nuclear division, increasing the number of nuclei. The nuclei of various plasmodia of the Physarum polycephalum and the true myxomycetes are diploid. There are three types of plasmodia: the microscopic microplasmodia (protoplasmic plasmodia, parasitic or saprophytic) and the flat, transparent cryptoplasmodia (saprophytic), which live buried in the substrate and are rarely seen in nature. These saprophytic plasmodia appear on the substrate just before fruiting bodies form. The third type is the cryptoplasmodia of Physarum polycephalum, which is thick and granular in texture. Some just before fruiting bodies form may contain several thousand nuclei. The plasmodia are two parts, and as the liquid part flows back and forth through the gelatinous part, the tips protrude, branch, and partially fuse to form a mesh that can spread over a square meter. When the environment is poor, the fungi grow densely and become horny sclerotia, going dormant, but when the environment is good, they produce plasmodium, which then produce various fruiting bodies. [Hironori Terakawa] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
変形菌類の多核を含む栄養体をいう。細胞壁がなくてアメーバ運動を行い、有機物を吸収したり、有機物粒子や細菌を捕食する。成長に伴って核分裂を行うため、核数が増す。ツノホコリカビ類と真正変形菌類の各種変形体の核は複相である。変形体には3型があるが、顕微鏡的な微小変形体(原生変形体、寄生または腐生)および平らで透明な陰生変形体(腐生)は、基物に潜って生活するため、自然ではめったにみられないものである。これらの腐生変形体は子実体形成直前になって基物表面に現れる。三つ目はモジホコリカビ仲間などの顕生変形体であるが、これは厚い寒天質で、顆粒(かりゅう)状である。子実体形成直前のものでは、数千の核を含む場合もある。変形体は2部からなり、液状部がゼラチン部を通して前後に流動するのに伴って、先端は突出したり、分岐して部分的に癒合して網目をつくり、1平方メートルに広がることもある。環境が悪いと密集して角質の菌核になって休眠し、環境がよくなると変形体を生ずる。変形体からはいろいろの子実体が形成される。 [寺川博典] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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