This refers to a system in late medieval Italy in which the Signore (tyrant) took full control of the city commune. The communes were gradually exhausted by internal factional strife and wars with other communes, and in order to overcome this crisis, there was a tendency from the late 13th century to the early 14th century to concentrate power in the hands of one individual. In this way, powerful nobles became Signore, taking full control of the administrative and judicial powers of the commune, and established the Signoria system. The Visconci family of Milan, the Este family of Ferrara, and the Della Scala family of Verona are representative examples of Signore, and the establishment of the Signoria system marked the de facto dissolution of the commune and paved the way for the next stage, the monarchy (Principato). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
中世末期のイタリアで都市コムーネの全権をシニョーレ (僭主) が掌握するにいたった体制をさす。コムーネは内部の党派抗争や他のコムーネとの戦争によって次第に疲弊し,この危機を打開するために,13世紀後半から 14世紀前半にかけて権力を一個人の手に集中する傾向が生じた。このようにして有力貴族がコムーネの行政権,裁判権など全権を握ってシニョーレとなり,シニョリーア制を成立させた。ミラノのビスコンチ家,フェララのエステ家,ベロナのデッラ・スカラ家などがシニョーレの代表的な例で,シニョリーア制の成立はコムーネの事実上の解体を示しており,次の君主制 (プリンチパート) への段階に道を開くものとなった。
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