The central city of the Cyrenaica region in eastern Libya, North Africa. It is a port city located at the northeastern end of the Gulf of Sirte. It has a population of 696,500 (2001 estimate). It is the second largest city in the country after Tripoli, and was one of the capitals after independence. It was a Greek colonial city called Berenice in the past, and flourished as the starting point of caravan routes to the Sahara. It was destroyed by Arab invasions, but was rebuilt by merchants from Tripolitania in the 15th century. It became an Italian colony after 1911, and a modern city and port were constructed. It was damaged during World War II, but developed into a modern metropolis after the war with the progress of oil development. Industries include flour milling, food processing, and oil refining, and traditional crafts such as leatherwork and carpets are also practiced. There is a university and an international airport. [Hiroshi Fujii] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
北アフリカ、リビア東部のキレナイカ地方の中心都市。シルテ湾北東端に位置する港湾都市である。人口69万6500(2001推計)。同国ではトリポリに次ぐ第二の都市で、独立後は首都の一つであった。古くはベレニスBereniceとよばれたギリシアの植民都市で、サハラへの隊商路の起点として栄えた。アラブ人の侵入で破壊されたが、15世紀トリポリタニアからの商人が再建した。1911年以後イタリアの植民地となり近代的な市街と港湾が建設された。第二次世界大戦中戦災を受けたが、戦後の石油開発の進展で現代的な大都市に発展した。工業では製粉、食品加工、製油などがあり、皮細工、じゅうたんなどの伝統工芸も行われる。大学と国際空港がある。 [藤井宏志] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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