Bayle, Pierre

Japanese: ベール(英語表記)Bayle, Pierre
Bayle, Pierre
Born November 18, 1647 in Carle-Comte, France
[Died] December 28, 1706. Rotterdam, Netherlands. French skeptical philosopher (→skepticism) who was the forerunner of the Enlightenment. Born into a Calvinist family, he converted to Catholicism in 1669, but returned to Calvinism the following year in 1670. He was exposed to Cartesian philosophy in Geneva, and taught at the Protestant Academy in Sedan from 1675 to 1681. He later moved to Rotterdam to teach philosophy and history, and published Nouvelles de la république des lettres from 1684 to 1687. He criticized the persecution policies of Louis XIV and defended Calvinism, clashing with Pierre Jurieu, and was dismissed from his professorship in 1693. He then devoted himself to compiling the Dictionary of Historical Criticism (1697).

Veil
veil

A term for thin fabrics or nets worn to protect the head and face, for decoration, or for religious purposes. This custom began in the Ancient Orient, and in Assyria in the 1000s BCE, it was stipulated by law that married women should cover their faces with a veil. The Muslim chadli, which is still strongly followed today, is a continuation of this custom. Meanwhile, the veil spread from the Ancient Orient to Egypt, Greece, and Rome, and eventually to Europe with the spread of Christianity, becoming the most common headgear worn by medieval Western women. Today, the custom of wearing veils by Christian nuns and wedding dresses continues from this tradition. Apart from these ceremonial uses, the veil has gradually become more decorative since the early modern period.

Veil
Bale, John

Born: November 21, 1495, Suffolk
Died November 1563, Canterbury. English clergyman and playwright. He entered the Carmelite order at the age of 12 and rose to the position of prior for a time, but converted to Protestantism around 1533, broke his vows, married, and led a secular life. During this time he wrote many religious plays, and in 1552 became Bishop of Ireland. Upon the death of King Edward VI, he felt his life was in danger and fled to the Netherlands, returning to England in 1559, the year after Elizabeth I ascended to the throne. His most famous play is King John (c. 1548), which defended Protestantism.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1647.11.18. フランス,カルラルコント
[没]1706.12.28. オランダ,ロッテルダム
啓蒙主義のさきがけとなったフランスの懐疑論的哲学者(→懐疑論)。カルバン派の家庭に生まれ,1669年カトリックに改宗したが翌 1670年カルバン派に戻り,ジュネーブでデカルト哲学にふれ,1675~81年スダンのプロテスタントのアカデミーで教えた。のちロッテルダムに移って哲学と歴史を教え,1684~87年『文芸国通信』Nouvelles de la république des lettresを刊行。ルイ14世の迫害政策を非難し,カルバン主義を擁護し,ピエール・ジュリューと対立,1693年教授職を追われた。以後『歴史批評辞典』Dictionnaire historique et critique(1697)の編纂に専心。

ベール
veil

頭部や顔の保護,装飾,宗教上の目的などでかぶられる一般には薄い布地や網地の呼称。この慣習は古代オリエントに始り,前 1000年代のアッシリアでは,既婚女性がベールで顔をおおうべきことが法で定められていた。現在も根強く踏襲されているイスラム教徒のチャドリはこの慣習を受継いだものである。一方古代オリエントからエジプトやギリシア,ローマへ伝わり,やがてキリスト教の普及とともにヨーロッパへ広まり,西洋中世女性の最も普遍的なかぶりものとなった。今日,キリスト教の尼僧やウェディングドレスに残っているベールをかぶる慣習は,これを踏襲したもの。こうした儀礼用を除けば近世以降,ベールは次第に装飾化している。

ベール
Bale, John

[生]1495.11.21. サフォーク
[没]1563.11. カンタベリー
イギリスの聖職者,劇作家。 12歳でカルメル会に入り,一時修道会副院長にまでなったが,1533年頃プロテスタントに改宗,誓願を破って結婚し,世俗的生活をおくった。この間多くの宗教劇を書き,52年にはアイルランド主教となった。国王エドワード6世の死と同時に身の危険を感じオランダに逃亡,エリザベス1世の即位の翌 59年帰国した。劇の代表作はプロテスタンティズムを擁護した『ジョン王』 King John (1548頃) 。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

<<:  Peru - Peru (English spelling)

>>:  Bell, Daniel

Recommend

Rotating snow shovel - Rotating snow shovel

...railroad vehicles used for clearing snow from ...

Foreign Currency - Gaikadate

The buying and selling of financial products and i...

Proliferative inflammation

…The reason why the character 'inflammation&#...

Piers - Peter Pears

1910‐86 British tenor. He studied at the Royal Col...

Hidden Ring - Hidden Ring

…Helian Bobo seized Chang'an from the Eastern...

Bill of Rights

Immediately after the Glorious Revolution, the Pro...

Udono [village] - Udono

A village in Minamimuro County, at the southernmos...

Otaki [Hot Spring] - Otaki

Located on the left bank of the Yoneshiro River in...

Circular function

〘 noun 〙 Trigonometric functions. [Engineering Voc...

sulfur tetrachloride

...Soluble in n -hexane. [Sulfur tetrachloride] C...

Raw paper - Kigami

This refers to so-called "unfiltered paper,&...

Ahad Ha‐am

1856‐1927 A leading proponent of cultural Zionism....

Belarus - Republic of Belarus

A republic in eastern Eastern Europe. It is also ...

Aristolochia debilis (English spelling)

… [Mitsuru Hotta]... From [Koka] ...Name of herba...

Magi - Magi (English spelling) Magi

The name of the people who are said to have come ...