Emil von Behring

Japanese: ベーリング(英語表記)Behring, Emil von
Emil von Behring
Born: March 15, 1854, Hansdorf
Died March 31, 1917. Marburg. German bacteriologist and immunologist. Qualified as a physician in Berlin in 1877, he became a military surgeon and in 1888 became a lecturer at the Army Medical University in Berlin. In 1889 he became an assistant at the Koch Institute for Infectious Diseases in Berlin, where he studied under R. Koch. The following year he invented tetanus serum therapy with Kitasato Shibasaburo, and on December 3, 1890, he published "tetanus antitoxin serum" as a joint research project. One week later, Behring independently announced diphtheria serum therapy. Diphtheria antitoxin was commercially available in 1892. He continued his research on tuberculosis at a laboratory provided by Hoechst, and created an immune vaccine for bovine tuberculosis (bovovaccine). In 1901, he was awarded the first Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on diphtheria serum therapy. His main works are Die Blutserumtherapie (1892) and Ätiologie des Tetanus (1904).

Bering
Bering, Vitus Jonassen

[Birth] 1681
[Died] December 19, 1741.
Danish-born Russian navigator. In 1703 he joined the Russian Navy and served in the Baltic and Azov fleets until 1724. In 1725 he was appointed commander of the First Kamchatka Expedition (1725-30). The purpose of this expedition was to solve the mystery of whether there was an isthmus or a strait between Asia and America. He passed through what would later be called the Bering Strait, but did not realize it at the time and was unable to solve the mystery. In his Second Kamchatka Expedition from 1733, he crossed Siberia, reached Kamchatka, and from there reached the coast of North America (41). During this time he discovered part of the Aleutian Islands, but on the return journey he died of starvation and cold while wintering on the island that would later be named after him.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1854.3.15. ハンスドルフ
[没]1917.3.31. マールブルク
ドイツの細菌学者,免疫学者。 1877年ベルリンで医師の資格を得,軍医となり,88年ベルリンの陸軍医科大学講師。 89年ベルリンのコッホ伝染病研究所助手となり R.コッホに師事。翌年北里柴三郎とともに破傷風の血清療法を創案,90年 12月3日「破傷風抗毒素血清」を共同研究として発表,その1週間後にはベーリング単独でジフテリアの血清療法を公にした。ジフテリア抗毒素は 92年市販された。またヘクスト社が提供した研究所で結核の研究を続け,ウシ結核の免疫ワクチン (ボボワクチン bovovaccine) を創成した。 1901年ジフテリア血清療法の研究に対して,最初のノーベル生理学・医学賞が贈られた。主著『免疫血清療法』 Die Blutserumtherapie (1892) ,『破傷風病原論』 Ätiologie des Tetanus (1904) 。

ベーリング
Bering, Vitus Jonassen

[生]1681
[没]1741.12.19.
デンマーク生れのロシアの航海者。 1703年ロシア海軍に入り,24年までバルト海,アゾフ海艦隊に勤務。 25年第1次カムチャツカ遠征隊 (1725~30) 隊長に任じられた。この遠征の目的はアジアとアメリカの間が地峡か海峡かという謎を解決するためで,彼はのちにベーリング海峡と呼ばれる海峡を通過したが,このときにはそれに気づかず,謎を解くことはできなかった。 33年からの第2次カムチャツカ遠征ではシベリアを横断し,カムチャツカに達し,そこから北アメリカ沿岸に到達した (41) 。その間アリューシャン列島の一部を発見したが,その帰途,のちに彼の名で呼ばれることとなる島で越冬中飢餓と寒さのため死没。

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