Mycelium - Mycelium

Japanese: 菌糸 - きんし
Mycelium - Mycelium

It refers to the filamentous material that constitutes the vegetative body of many fungi. Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes have multicellular hyphae, with cylindrical cells arranged in a long vertical line. Depending on the number of nuclei in the cells, they can be classified as multinucleated multicellular hyphae, dikaryotic hyphae (dikaryotic multicellular hyphae), or uninucleated hyphae (uninucleated multicellular hyphae). The hyphae of Zygomycetes and Oomycetes are multinucleated tubular hyphae without partitions. Actinomycetes do not have a nucleus with a nuclear membrane like these, but they are tubular hyphae. Hyphae arise from spores or hyphae fragments and usually grow by branching. Each hypha is a hypha, but the whole is called a mycelium. It lives on organic matter as a source of nutrients and energy, and therefore plays an important role as a reducer in nature. If the environment is good, mycelium can continue to grow indefinitely. Depending on the conditions, branching and hyphae are actively repeated, and the mycelium transforms to produce various hyphal structures, forming fruiting bodies, sclerotia, and hyphal bundles such as mushrooms. These are seen in Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes.

[Hironori Terakawa]

Main types of mycelium
©Shogakukan ">

Main types of mycelium


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

多くの菌類の栄養体を構成する糸状のものをいう。担子菌類と子嚢(しのう)菌類は多細胞菌糸で、円筒形の細胞が縦一列に長く連なり、細胞内の核数によって、多核多細胞菌糸、二核菌糸(二核多細胞菌糸)、一核菌糸(一核多細胞菌糸)の別がある。接合菌類や卵菌(らんきん)類の菌糸は、仕切りのない多核管状菌糸である。放線菌類は、これらのような核膜のある核はもたないが管状菌糸である。菌糸は胞子または菌糸の断片から生じ、普通は枝分れして成長する。その1本1本は菌糸であるが、全体は菌糸体といわれる。これは有機物を栄養源、エネルギー源として生活し、それに伴って自然界では還元者として重要な働きをしている。環境さえよければ、菌糸体は限りなく成長を続けられる。条件によっては、分岐と菌糸結合を盛んに繰り返し、菌糸細胞は変形して種々の菌糸組織をつくってキノコなど子実体や菌核、菌糸束を形成する。これらは担子菌類と子嚢菌類においてみられる。

[寺川博典]

菌糸のおもな種類
©Shogakukan">

菌糸のおもな種類


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