Heme - Hemu (English spelling) heme

Japanese: ヘム - へむ(英語表記)heme
Heme - Hemu (English spelling) heme

In a broad sense, it is a general term for complex salts of iron and porphyrin, and in a narrow sense, it refers to a complex salt in which a divalent iron ion is coordinated with a porphyrin, and a complex salt in which a trivalent iron ion is coordinated is specifically called hematin. Depending on the type of porphyrin, it is classified as heme a, heme b (protoheme), heme c, etc. All of these are red pigments, and in the body, they bind to proteins and perform their own unique functions. For example, hemoglobin (blood pigment) and myoglobin are responsible for transporting and storing oxygen, while catalase, peroxidase, and cytochromes play an important role as the active part of enzymes that decompose active oxygen and catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions that produce bioenergy. This is because heme has the function of transporting oxygen and electrons. Nitrites are used as colorants in meat products such as sausages and bacon. The divalent iron ions in the heme of myoglobin and hemoglobin contained in meat are gradually oxidized and turn brown. Adding nitrite to this creates nitrosomyoglobin and nitrosohemoglobin, preventing the oxidation of iron ions and maintaining the beautiful red color.

[Masahiko Ikeuchi and Issei Mabuchi]

Modern Plant Physiology 2: Metabolism, edited by Miyaji Shigeto (1992, Asakura Publishing)Porphyrin Research Group, Life Science of Porphyrin and Heme: Applications to Genetic Diseases, Cancer, Engineering, and More (1995, Tokyo Kagaku Dojin)Clinical Biochemistry, written by Stephen Goldberg and translated by Kannagi Reiji (1997, Sogo Igakusha)Medical Biochemistry, edited by Maita Tetsuo et al. (2000, Nanzando)

[References] | Catalase |Complex salt | Oxidoreductase | Cytochrome | Hematin | Hemin | Hemoglobin | Peroxidase | Porphyrin | Myoglobin

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

広義には鉄とポルフィリンの錯塩を総称し、狭義には2価の鉄イオンがポルフィリンに配位したものをさし、3価の鉄イオンが配位した錯塩は、とくにヘマチンhematinともいう。ポルフィリンの種類によって、ヘムa、ヘムb(プロトヘム)、ヘムcなどと分類される。これらはすべて赤色を呈する色素であり、生体内ではタンパク質と結合してそれぞれ特有の働きをしている。たとえば、ヘモグロビン(血色素)やミオグロビンなどは酸素の運搬や貯蔵をつかさどり、カタラーゼやペルオキシダーゼ、チトクロム類などは活性酸素を分解したり、生体エネルギーを生産する酸化還元反応を触媒する酵素の活性部分として重要な役割を果たしている。これは、ヘムが酸素や電子を運ぶ働きをもつことによる。なお、ソーセージやベーコンなどの肉製品には、発色剤として亜硝酸塩が使われている。肉類に含まれるミオグロビンやヘモグロビンのヘムの2価の鉄イオンが徐々に酸化され、褐色に変化する。これに亜硝酸塩を添加すると、ニトロソミオグロビンやニトロソヘモグロビンをつくり、鉄イオンの酸化を防ぎ、美しい赤色を保つようになるためである。

[池内昌彦・馬淵一誠]

『宮地重遠編『現代植物生理学2 代謝』(1992・朝倉書店)』『ポルフィリン研究会編『ポルフィリン・ヘムの生命科学――遺伝病・がん・工学応用などへの展開』(1995・東京化学同人)』『ステファン・ゴールドバーグ著、神奈木玲児訳『臨床に役立つ生化学』(1997・総合医学社)』『毎田徹夫ほか編『医科生化学』(2000・南江堂)』

[参照項目] | カタラーゼ | 錯塩 | 酸化還元酵素 | チトクロム | ヘマチン | ヘミン | ヘモグロビン | ペルオキシダーゼ | ポルフィリン | ミオグロビン

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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