Beheiren - Beheiren

Its official name is "Citizens' Coalition for Peace in Vietnam." It was a citizens' movement against the Vietnam War that was launched in April 1965 (disbanded in January 1974). Its representative was the writer Oda Makoto. At a time when the peace movement up until that point had been organized into groups by established political parties and lacked effectiveness, the group brought together many intellectuals and non-partisan citizens, and developed unique activities such as all-night teach-ins, anti-war advertisements in newspapers such as the New York Times, joint Japan-US demonstrations, assistance for anti-war American deserters, and organization of anti-war movements within US military bases in Japan. The freshness, popularity, and a certain radicalism of its activities made it influential and attracted many young people. The organization did not require members, but instead asked for voluntary participation, and at its peak, more than 300 groups were formed nationwide. In the late 1960s, the group also organized joint anti-war actions with the workers' anti-war youth committee, the student "All-Campus Joint Struggle League," and various New Left parties, and held demonstrations of tens of thousands of people in urban centers. Beheiren's activities and organizational structure influenced subsequent citizen and resident movements.

[Yuichi Yoshikawa]

"Beheiren: A Memoir That Is Not a Memoir" by Oda Makoto (1995, Daisan Shokan)" "Fires Across the Sea: The Vietnam War and Japan 1965-1995" by R.H. Havens, translated by Yoshikawa Yuichi (1990, Chikuma Shobo)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

正式には「ベトナムに平和を！市民連合」という。1965年（昭和40）4月に発足した、ベトナム戦争反対の市民運動体（解散は74年1月）。代表は作家の小田実(おだまこと)。それまでの平和運動が既成政党によって系列化し、有効性を欠いていたときに、多くの知識人や無党派の市民を結集し、徹夜ティーチイン、『ニューヨーク・タイムズ』紙などへの反戦広告、日米共同デモ、反戦米脱走兵への援助、在日米軍基地内での反戦運動の組織など、ユニークな活動を展開し、その新鮮さと大衆性、一定のラジカルさによって影響力をもち、多くの若者層を結集した。組織は会員制をとらず、自発的な参加を求め、最盛時には全国で300以上のグループが生まれた。また60年代末には、労働者の反戦青年委員会や学生の「全共闘」、新左翼諸党派と、反戦の共同行動を組織し、都心で数万のデモを行ったりした。ベ平連の運動と組織のあり方は、その後の市民運動・住民運動にも影響を与えた。

［吉川勇一］

『小田実著『「ベ平連」・回顧録でない回顧』（1995・第三書館）』▽『R・H・ヘイブンズ著、吉川勇一訳『海の向こうの火事――ベトナム戦争と日本　1965～1995』（1990・筑摩書房）』

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