Currency reform - Heisei Kaikaku

Japanese: 幣制改革 - へいせいかいかく
Currency reform - Heisei Kaikaku

This refers to the reform of China's monetary system, particularly the reform carried out by the Nationalist government in 1935. Its significance includes (1) the centralization of currency-issuing banks into four banks: the Central Bank, the China Bank, the China Bank, and the China Farmers Bank (in 1942, only the Central Bank), (2) the abolition of the two era systems in 1933 led to the move from the old weighted currency to a silver-standard currency, and the subsequent issuance of a managed currency, the "Legal Treasure," without going through the gold standard, and (3) the linking with foreign currencies.

The currency reform was supervised by the British government's chief economic advisor, Rhys Ross, so the link with foreign currencies was initially the British pound, but after the US-China Agreement of 1936 it became more closely linked to the US dollar and came under the control of the dollar zone. It continued until after World War II, but was abolished in 1948 due to the lack of political and financial stability of the Nationalist government.

[Yuzo Kato]

[Reference] | Legal Coins

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中国の通貨制度の改革、とくに国民政府により1935年に行われた改革をさす。その意義は、〔1〕通貨発行銀行を中央、中国、交通、中国農民の四銀行(42年には中央銀行のみ)に集中したこと、〔2〕33年の「廃両改元」により旧来の秤量(ひょうりょう)貨幣から銀本位貨幣に進み、それを受けて金本位制を経ずに管理通貨の「法幣」を発行したこと、〔3〕外貨とリンクしたこと、などがあげられる。

 幣制改革にはイギリス政府の首席経済顧問リース・ロスが指導にあたったため、外貨とのリンクは最初はイギリス・ポンドであったが、1936年の米華銀協定以来アメリカ・ドルと緊密化し、ドル圏の支配下に入った。第二次世界大戦後まで続いたが、国民政府が政治的・財政的な安定に欠けたため、48年に廃止された。

[加藤祐三]

[参照項目] | 法幣

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