Let us suppose that there are k events E 1 , E 2 , …, E k , and that no two of these events occur simultaneously, and that one of the k events always occurs. In this case, for event E, This theorem has a wide range of applications. Let k causes be considered, and the events that occur due to each of these causes be E1 , E2 , ..., Ek . The conditional probability that event E will occur when cause Ei occurs is pEi (E), and conversely, the conditional probability that event E occurred due to Ei is pE ( Ei ). Thinking in this way, p( Ei ) is called the prior probability, and pE ( Ei ) is called the posterior probability. Bayes' theorem plays an important role when performing statistical inference. [Shigeru Furuya] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
k個の事象E1、E2、……、Ekがあって、このうちのどの二つも同時におこることはなく、k個のうちのどれか一つがかならずおこるとする。このとき、事象Eに対して この定理は応用が広い。いまk個の原因が考えられてその一つ一つの原因がおこるという事象をE1、E2、……、Ekとする。Eiという原因がおこった場合に、事象Eがおこるという条件付き確率がpEi(E)であり、逆に事象Eがおこった場合にそれがEiのもとでおこったという条件付き確率がpE(Ei)である。このように考えて、p(Ei)を事前確率、pE(Ei)を事後確率という。ベイズの定理は統計的推論を行うとき重要な役割を演ずる。 [古屋 茂] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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