Branch family - Bunke

Japanese: 分家 - ぶんけ

This refers to the act of a family member separating to form a new family, and the family that is formed as a result. However, not all separations of family members result in a branch family, and there were also branch families that were not based on branch family acts. A branch family was not considered to be a new family unless it received the approval of the village, and some branch families were formed when a family that had moved in formed a branch family relationship with another family due to the needs of social life. Depending on the region, branch families are called baka, wakasare, shin'ya, shintaku, kamado, etc. There are four types of branch families in Japan, and the most common example is a branch family of the second or third son. The second type is a retirement branch family, in which the parents bring their second or third sons, or the second or third sons bring their parents (→Retirement system). The third type is a son-in-law adopted branch family, in which a daughter adopts a son-in-law to become a branch family, and the fourth type is a servant branch family, and this type was often seen not only among farmers but also among merchants (→Separate family). In addition, there are cases where a branch family is given a considerable amount of property by the main family, and cases where the branch family has established itself based on the earnings it has made over many years. In the former cases, the branch family still needed financial support from the main family after the branch family branch, and became a subordinate branch family, while in the latter cases, the branch family became independent from the main family. Family organizations formed based on the hierarchical relationship between the main family and the branch family were often subordinate branch families. In addition, while the relationship between the main family and the branch family was sometimes permanent, in many cases the relationship became unclear after two or three generations.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

家族員が分離して新たな家族を創設する行為，およびそれによって形成された家族をいう。しかし家族員の分離がすべて分家とはならないし，また分家行為に基づかない分家もみられた。分家は村の承認を得なければ新しい家の成立とみなされず，また転入した家が社会生活の必要上，ほかの家と本家分家関係を結んで成立する分家もあった。分家は地域によって，バッカ，ワカサレ，シンヤ，シンタク，カマドなどと呼ばれる。日本の分家には4つの形態があり，最も多い例は2，3男の分家である。第2は親が2，3男を連れて，あるいは2，3男が親を連れて分家する隠居分家である (→隠居制 ) 。第3は娘が婿養子をとって分家する婿養子分家，第4は奉公人の分家であり，農家のみならず商家にもこの形態はしばしばみられた (→別家 ) 。また分家には本家から相当の財産を分与される場合と，分家者が長年にわたるかせぎに基づいて分家する場合がある。前者は分家後も本家の生活援助が必要であり，本家に対して従属的な分家となり，後者は本家から独立した分家となった。本家分家の上下的な関係を基盤として形成される同族の組織は，従属的な分家の場合が多かった。また本家分家の関係は，永続的なものもあったが，多くは2，3代でその関係も不明確になっていった。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

<<: Burning - Funkei

>>: Bunkuen - Bunkuen