Russian and Soviet poet. His real name was Viktor Vladimirovich. He was born to an ornithologist near Astrakhan. He studied mathematics and biology at universities in Kazan and St. Petersburg. Influenced by Sologub and V. Ivanov, he initially wrote Symbolist-style works, but in the 1910s he released a succession of experimental works making full use of neologisms and zaumi (super-semantic language), and suddenly came into the limelight as a Futurist poet. His most famous work is The Spell of Laughter (1910), which consists of a free-flowing root change of the single word "laughter." In his early works, such as "The Crane" (1910) and "The Shaman and Venus" (1912), which show a tendency towards primitivism, he sings of a return to ancient times and Slavic paganism, and a longing for Asia, but at the root of these works is a strong negative consciousness towards Western modernity. In his mid-period works such as "War in the Mousetrap" (1919) and "Night in the Trench" (1921), the reality of Russia in a turbulent period is realistically depicted through the eyes of a lonely wanderer. After the Russo-Japanese War of 1905, he devoted himself for many years to discovering the "periodic law of time," and in his later masterpieces, "Radomir" (1920) and "Zangezi" (1922), he painted a grandiose image of a utopia based on his own theory of pre-established harmony. He is highly regarded as one of the most representative poets of 20th century Russian poetry, along with Mayakovsky and Pasternak. [Ikuo Kameyama] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ロシア・ソ連の詩人。本名ビクトル・ウラジーミロビチВиктор Владимирович/Viktor Vladimirovich。アストラハン近郊の鳥類学者の家に生まれる。カザンとペテルブルグの大学で数学、生物学などを学ぶ。初めソログープやV・イワーノフの影響で象徴派風の作品を書いたが、1910年代に入り、新造語やザーウミ(超意味言語)を駆使した実験的作品を次々と発表、未来派詩人として一躍脚光を浴びた。「笑い」という一語の自在な語根変化からなる『笑いの呪文(じゅもん)』(1910)はとくに名高い。『鶴(つる)』(1910)、『シャーマンとビーナス』(1912)など原始主義的傾向を示す初期の作品では、古代やスラブ異教への回帰、アジアへの憧憬(しょうけい)などが歌われているが、その根底には西欧近代への強い否定的意識があった。『ネズミ取りの中の戦争』(1919)、『塹壕(ざんごう)の夜』(1921)など中期以降の作品では、激動期のロシアの現実が孤独な放浪者の目を通してリアルに描かれている。また、1905年の日露戦争をきっかけに長年「時間の周期律」の発見にいそしみ、晩年の傑作『ラドミール』(1920)、『ザンゲジ』(1922)では、そうした独自の予定調和論に立脚した壮大なユートピア像が描かれている。マヤコフスキー、パステルナークらとともに20世紀ロシア詩を代表する詩人の一人としてその声価は著しく高い。 [亀山郁夫] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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