Akanabe-so

The Todaiji temple estate existed in Atsumi County, Mino Province. It was located in the area centered on Akanabe, which is currently the southern part of Gifu City. It was originally an imperially appointed field by Emperor Kanmu, but in 809 (Daido 4) it was given the name of a land grant and called Atsumi Manor. It was then handed over to Emperor Kanmu's daughter, Princess Asahara, who donated it to Todaiji Temple in 818 (Kōnin 9) according to her will. It was later renamed Akanabe Manor, and in 1103 (Kōwa 5) the annual tax was set at 100 pieces of silk and 1,000 ryo of cotton, which was to be used to cover the cost of clothing for 100 students. At the time of disbursement, the area was 117 cho and 339 bu of cultivated land, but by 1214 (Kenpo 2), the beginning of the Kamakura period, this had increased to 77 cho, 4 tan and 240 bu of cultivated land and 30 cho of farmland. After the Jokyu War in 1221 (Jokyu 3), Nagai Tokihiro, the second son of Oe Hiromoto, was appointed as land steward, and his descendants inherited the position from then on. As early as 1223 (Joo 2), a land steward's office was established, and the Nagai clan's control of the land continued until the end of the Kamakura period, during which time there were frequent disputes over the administration of land over failure to pay taxes and delayed payment. With the fall of the Kamakura Shogunate, in 1333 (Ganko 3, Shokei 2) Emperor Godaigo donated the position of Jito to Todaiji Temple, and the temple and family ruled over the whole area. Later, Jito was appointed again by the Muromachi Shogunate, and in 1340 (Kokoku 1, Ryakuo 3) Todaiji Temple and the Jito divided the land between them, with Kamimura in the manor becoming the lord's side, and Hongo and Shimomura becoming the Jito side. Todaiji Temple appointed temple monks and public officials as contracted deputies to rule the land, but due to the pressure from the samurai forces below the shugo, the amount of tax gradually decreased, and its rule came to an end during the Bunmei era (1469-1487).

[Koizumi Yoshisuke]

"Gifu Prefecture History: General Edition, Middle Ages" (1969, Gifu Prefecture)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

美濃(みの)国厚見(あつみ)郡に存在した東大寺領荘園。現在の岐阜市南部の茜部を中心とした地域にあった。もと桓武(かんむ)天皇の勅旨田(ちょくしでん)であったが、809年（大同4）立券荘号(りっけんしょうごう)して厚見荘と号し、桓武天皇の皇女朝原内親王に譲られ、818年（弘仁9）その遺言によって東大寺に施入された。その後茜部荘と改号し、1103年（康和5）年貢を絹100疋(ぴき)、綿1000両と定め、学生(がくしょう)100人の衣装料にあてることとなった。施入時の面積は墾田(こんでん)117町339歩であったが、鎌倉時代初期の1214年（建保2）には見作田(げんさくでん)77町4反240歩と畠(はたけ)30町となった。1221年（承久3）の承久(じょうきゅう)の乱後、大江広元の第2子長井時広が地頭職に補任(ぶにん)され、以後その子孫が地頭職を伝領した。1223年（貞応2）には早くも地頭請所(うけしょ)が成立し、長井氏による在地支配が鎌倉末期まで継続したが、その間年貢の未進、遅済をめぐる所務相論がしばしば繰り返された。鎌倉幕府の滅亡により、1333年（元弘3・正慶2）後醍醐(ごだいご)天皇から地頭職が東大寺に寄進され、寺家一円支配が成立した。その後室町幕府によってふたたび地頭が補任され、1340年（興国1・暦応3）には東大寺と地頭の間で下地中分(したじちゅうぶん)が行われ、荘内の上村が領家方、本郷、下村が地頭方となった。東大寺は寺僧、公人(くにん)などを請負代官に任命して在地支配を行わせたが、守護以下の武士勢力の圧迫によって年貢額はしだいに減少し、その支配は文明(ぶんめい)年間（1469～1487）をもって終わった。

［小泉宜右］

『『岐阜県史　通史編・中世』（1969・岐阜県）』

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