ALM is a risk management method that involves grasping the composition of assets and liabilities, for example, the interest rates and terms of all deposits and loans in a bank, predicting future fluctuations in the official discount rate, and then minimizing risk and maximizing profits based on that. It became popular in the United States in the 1970s, but its importance has been growing in Japan, particularly among financial institutions, due to the impact of interest rate fluctuations caused by interest rate liberalization and the increase in market risk due to the expansion of derivative transactions. Risks managed by ALM include market risk, liquidity risk, and credit risk. In the case of Japanese banks, ALM has been used mainly for interest rate risk management of banking accounts. However, in recent years, major banks have begun to introduce integrated risk management that manages market risk, credit risk, etc. of both trading and banking accounts in a centralized manner. (Mitsuru Yoshikawa, Managing Director, Daiwa Institute of Research Ltd. / 2007) Source : "Chiezo" published by Asahi Shimbun Publications Co., Ltd. About Chiezo |
資産と負債の構成、例えば銀行であれば、全ての預金や貸し出しの金利・期間を把握し、将来の公定歩合等の変動を予測し、それを踏まえた上で、リスクの最小化と収益の極大化を図るリスク管理の手法。1970年代に米国で普及したが、金利自由化による金利変動の影響やデリバティブ取引の拡大によるマーケット・リスクの増大を背景に、日本でも金融機関を中心にその重要性が高まっている。ALMが管理するリスクにはマーケット・リスク、流動性リスク、信用リスク等がある。日本の銀行の場合、ALMはバンキング勘定の金利リスク管理を中心に用いられてきた。しかし、近年では、大手行を中心に、トレーディング、バンキング両勘定のマーケット・リスク、信用リスク等を一括管理する統合リスク管理の導入に取り組み始めている。
(吉川満 (株)大和総研常務理事 / 2007年) 出典 (株)朝日新聞出版発行「知恵蔵」知恵蔵について 情報 |
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