German industrial and analytical chemist. His father studied chemistry and ran a cobalt factory. He graduated from the mining school in Freiberg. He was professor of analytical and industrial chemistry at his alma mater from 1873 to 1902. He conducted pioneering research on indium and its compounds. He studied the production of sulfuric acid from the sulfur oxides contained in the exhaust gases from the cobalt refining industry, and in the process improved gas analysis methods. In 1875, he announced a contact method for producing oleum. Based on the reaction formula of sulfur dioxide and oxygen, he tried to react them in a volume ratio of 2:1, but he did not realize that excess oxygen was needed for the reaction to actually proceed, so he did not commercialize it. In 1886, he discovered a new element by analyzing argyrodite, a silver ore discovered in Freiberg the previous year, and named it germanium. This element was recognized to be eka-silicon, which DI Mendeleev predicted based on the periodic law, confirming the correctness of the periodic law. He has also made many achievements in the field of analytical chemistry. Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
ドイツの工業化学者,分析化学者.父は,化学を学んでコバルト工場を経営していた.フライベルクの鉱山学校を卒業.1873~1902年母校の分析化学・工業化学の教授を務めた.インジウムとその化合物についてすぐれた先駆的研究がある.コバルトの精錬業で出る排出ガスに含まれる硫黄酸化物からの硫酸の製造を研究し,その過程でガス分析法を改良した.1875年には,発煙硫酸の接触法による製法を発表した.二酸化硫黄と酸素の反応式から容積比2:1で反応させようとしたが,実際に反応が進行するには過剰な酸素が必要であることに気づかなかったので,工業化には至らなかった.1886年,前年に発見されたフライベルク産の銀鉱石アージロダイトを分析して新元素を発見し,ゲルマニウムと命名した.この元素は,D.I. Mendeleev(メンデレーエフ)が周期律にもとづいて予言したエカケイ素であることが認められ,周期律の正しさを確証するものとなった.分析化学上の業績も多い. 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
<<: Winckelmann, Johann (Joachim)
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