A strong wind with low visibility accompanied by cold air and snowstorms. The term is said to have first been used in Virginia, USA, to refer to the cold northwest winds accompanied by snowstorms that blow when low pressure passes through in winter. The US Weather Bureau defines a blizzard as a wind speed of 14.3 meters per second or more, low temperature, and visibility due to flying snow of 400 meters or less. A severe blizzard is one in which the wind speed exceeds 20 meters per second, the temperature is below -12°C, and visibility is almost zero. Outside of North America, blizzards are famous in Antarctica, where they blow down the ice slopes of the polar ice cap as katabatic winds in Adélie Land. The average wind speed there for eight hours has been 48 meters per second. In Toulouse, southwestern France, blizzards blow as northerly winds, also known as boulbies. In Russia, a blizzard is called burañ/buran (Russian) or purga (Russian). [Junkichi Nemoto and Takashi Aoki] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
寒気と吹雪(ふぶき)を伴って吹く視程の悪い強風。このことばは、初めはアメリカ合衆国バージニア州において冬季、低気圧が通過するときに吹く、吹雪を伴った冷たい北西の強風をさしていわれたとされる。アメリカの気象局では、ブリザードの定義を、風速が毎秒14.3メートル以上、低温で、飛雪による視程が400メートル以下としている。激しいブリザードは、風速が毎秒20メートルを超し、気温はマイナス12℃以下、視程はほとんどゼロに近い場合をいう。北アメリカ以外でブリザードが有名なのは南極大陸であり、アデリー・ランドでは極冠の氷の斜面を下降風(カタバチック風(かぜ))として吹き降りてくる。そこでは8時間の平均風速が毎秒48メートルに達したことがあった。フランス南西部のトゥールーズToulouseではブリザードが北風として吹き、別名ブルビboulbieという。ロシアではブリザードをブランбуран/buran(ロシア語)またはプルガпурга/purga(ロシア語)という。 [根本順吉・青木 孝] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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