Sir William Blackstone

Japanese: ブラックストン - ぶらっくすとん(英語表記)Sir William Blackstone
Sir William Blackstone

An 18th century British jurist. Born in London, he graduated from Oxford University. He became a barrister in 1746, and in 1753 he lectured on English law at Oxford for the first time in the history of British legal education (up until then, universities had only lectured on Roman law). This was a great adventure at the time, but it was a success. Someone who saw this success donated a bequest for English law lectures. The endowed lectures (still famous today as the Viner lectures) were opened in 1758, and Blackstone was recommended as the first lecturer. He lectured from that year (1758) to 1766, and based on those lectures, he wrote a large work called Commentaries on the Laws of England , consisting of four volumes. The first volume was published in 1765, and the fourth volume was completed in 1769. This work systematized the English law that had been centered on case law, and had an immeasurable impact on the subsequent development of common law, especially American law. His other works include An Analysis of the English Laws (1754).

[Masao Horibe]

[References] | Common Law | Barrister

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

18世紀イギリスの法律家。ロンドンに生まれ、オックスフォード大学を卒業した。1746年にバリスター(弁護士の一種)となり、1753年、イギリス法学教育史上初めてオックスフォード大学でイギリス法の講義をした(それまでは大学ではローマ法の講義が行われていたにすぎない)。これは、当時にあっては大冒険であったが、成功を収めた。この成功をみた人がイギリス法の講義のために遺産を寄付した。その寄付講座(バイナー講座として今日でも有名)は1758年に開講し、ブラックストンが最初の担当者に推された。彼は、この年(1758)から1766年まで講義を行い、それを基礎に『イギリス法釈義』Commentaries on the Laws of Englandという4巻からなる大著を物するようになった。その第1巻は1765年に出版され、第4巻は1769年に完成した。この著作はそれまでの判例法を中心としたイギリス法を体系化し、その後のコモン・ローの発展、とりわけアメリカ法の発展に計り知れない影響を与えた。著書には、これ以外に、『イギリス法の分析』(1754)などがある。

[堀部政男]

[参照項目] | コモン・ロー | バリスター

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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