Fumaric acid - Fumarusan (English spelling)

Japanese: フマル酸 - ふまるさん(英語表記)fumaric acid
Fumaric acid - Fumarusan (English spelling)

An unsaturated dicarboxylic acid. It is a geometric isomer of maleic acid. Its chemical formula is C 4 H 4 O 4 and its molecular weight is 116.1. Among compounds with two carboxy groups -COOH on one double bond, fumaric acid has two carboxy groups on opposite sides of the double bond ( trans ), while maleic acid has two carboxy groups on the same side ( cis ), and the two are geometric isomers.


It occurs naturally in the form of a free acid in Icelandic mosses and fungi, and is also important as part of the metabolic cycle in animals.

It is obtained by fumaric acid fermentation, but can also be produced by isomerization of maleic acid. It has a melting point of 300-302°C (in a sealed tube) and is a colorless sublimable crystal. It is soluble in water and ethanol (ethyl alcohol), but is poorly soluble in ether and insoluble in benzene. When kept at high temperatures, it turns into maleic anhydride. It is used as a raw material for synthetic resins and dyes.

[Mr. Hirota July 21, 2015]

[References] | Maleic acid [Supplementary information] | Fumaric acid (Data Note)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

不飽和ジカルボン酸の一つ。マレイン酸の幾何異性体である。化学式C4H4O4、分子量116.1。一つの二重結合に二つのカルボキシ基-COOHをもつ化合物のうち、二重結合の反対側(トランスtrans)に二つのカルボキシ基をもつのがフマル酸、同じ側(シスcis)に二つのカルボキシ基をもつのがマレイン酸で、両者は幾何異性体の関係にある。


 天然には、アイスランド産のコケや菌類中に遊離の酸の形で存在し、動物体内での物質代謝サイクルの一員としても重要である。

 フマル酸発酵により得られるが、マレイン酸の異性化により製造することもできる。融点300~302℃(封管中)、昇華性がある無色の結晶。水、エタノール(エチルアルコール)には溶けるが、エーテルには溶けにくく、ベンゼンには溶けない。高温に保つと無水マレイン酸に変化する。合成樹脂や染料の原料として用いられる。

[廣田 穰 2015年7月21日]

[参照項目] | マレイン酸[補完資料] | フマル酸(データノート)

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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