Illegal cause benefits - Fuhougeninkyuufu (English)

Japanese: 不法原因給付 - ふほうげんいんきゅうふ(英語表記)Kondiktio wegen verwerflichen Empfanges
Illegal cause benefits - Fuhougeninkyuufu (English)
A benefit given based on an unlawful cause. For example, a payment of money in exchange for a request for a murder, or a house given on the condition that the recipient becomes a mistress. Legal acts based on an unlawful cause are invalid (Civil Code, Article 90), and therefore the benefit is also invalid, so the recipient is prima facie an unjust enricher. The unjust enrichment should therefore be returned, but recognizing the right to claim return would ultimately be aiding the payer who committed an unlawful act. Therefore, the Civil Code, as a special provision on unjust enrichment, does not recognize unjust enrichment in the case of an unlawful benefit given based on an unlawful cause, except in cases where the unlawful cause lies solely with the payer (beneficiary) (for example, a person who takes advantage of the other person's poverty to make an unjust profit), and therefore a claim for return of the benefit is denied (Article 708). It is generally believed that a payment is considered to be an unlawful payment when it is contrary to public order and morals, or when it is due to particularly immoral reasons, but there is also a strong theory that it is an unlawful payment if it is due to reasons that violate mandatory laws.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
不法な原因に基づいてなされた給付。たとえば殺人依頼の対価として金銭を支払った場合や,妾となることを条件として家を与えた場合など。不法の原因による法律行為は無効であり (民法 90) ,したがって給付も効力をもたないので,受領者は一応,不当利得者となる。したがってその不当利得は返還しなければならないはずであるが,その返還請求権を認めることは,結局,不法な行為をした給付者に法律が助力することになるので,民法は不当利得の特則として,不法原因給付については,利得者 (受益者) の側だけに不法の原因がある場合 (たとえば相手の困窮に乗じて暴利を得た者など) を除いて,不当利得を認めず,したがって給付したものの返還請求は否定される (708条) 。ある給付が不法原因給付とされるのは,公序良俗に反する場合,または特に不道徳な原因によるときと解するのが通説であるが,強行法規に違反する原因による場合であれば,不法原因給付にあたるとする有力説もある。

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