Wind speed meter

Japanese: 風速計 - ふうそくけい
Wind speed meter

An instrument for measuring wind speed. Various anemometers with different principles have been invented and are in use. The most common are the bowl-shaped and the windmill-shaped. The bowls are called fuhai. The three-cup type with a bead performs better than the traditional Robinson-type four-cup type. There are pinwheel-shaped Biram and Anemosinemo, as well as propeller-like Aeroven and Gill-type anemometers. There are also anemometers that use the cooling of an electric heating wire by wind and the effect of wind on the propagation of sound waves. It is difficult to measure very weak winds with a normal anemometer. Three-cup and Biram anemometers have been made that are suitable for measuring light breezes. Even if the wind speed is the same, the wind speed values ​​may not match depending on the type of measuring instrument. This is because the strength of natural winds is constantly changing, and the performance of the instruments that follow this change differs. Also, when the wind is blowing up or down, a horizontal axis windmill shape such as an Aeroven will show lower wind speed values ​​than a bowl shape.

[Takeji Shinohara]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

風速を測定する器械。原理的に違ったさまざまな風速計が考案され、使用されている。普及しているのは椀(わん)形と風車形である。椀(カップ)は風杯(ふうはい)とよばれる。昔からのロビンソン型四杯式よりも、縁(ビード)がついた三杯のほうが性能がよい。風車には矢車型のビラム式やアネモシネモと、プロペラのようなエーロベンやジル型などがある。そのほか、電熱線の風による冷却、音波の伝搬に対する風の影響を応用した風速計もある。ごく弱い風は普通の風速計で測るのはむずかしい。三杯やビラムで、微風の測定に適したものがつくられている。風速が同じであっても、測定器械の型によって風速値が一致しないことがある。自然の風は強さが絶えず変化し、これに追従する性能が異なるためである。また、風が吹き上げたり吹き下ろしたりすると、エーロベンのような水平回転軸の風車形は、椀形よりも小さい風速値を示す。

[篠原武次]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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