Wharf - Futou (English spelling)

Japanese: 埠頭 - ふとう(英語表記)wharf
Wharf - Futou (English spelling)

A wharf is an area where various facilities are comprehensively arranged for the purpose of sea and land communication for passengers and cargo, and is the core of the functions performed by a port. The various facilities at a wharf include: (1) wharfs, piers, and other mooring facilities for ships, (2) cargo handling facilities such as cargo handling machines and sheds for loading and unloading cargo, (3) storage facilities such as warehouses and open storage areas for long-term storage of cargo, (4) port transportation facilities such as roads and railways for the transportation of passengers and cargo, (5) passenger facilities such as passenger boarding and disembarking areas and waiting rooms, (6) supply facilities that provide services such as water, fuel, and food supply to ships, (7) welfare facilities for seafarers to rest and receive medical treatment, etc.

[Takao Horiguchi]

Type/Format

In terms of wharf plan shapes, the jetty type is common in Yokohama Port and Kobe Port, while the parallel type is seen in Tokyo Port and river ports (ports built along rivers). The incision type is excavated into the land, and is the type used in the Port of London, where a sluice gate is used to close the wharf when the tidal range is large. The island type is advantageous for handling bulk cargo, and the twin type is a jetty type that matches the draft of large and small ships, such as Shinko Wharf in Yokohama. The excavation type is a type that was first used in India in 1935, and has been constructed in various places since the 1950s, avoiding the rough open sea and calming the inland waterway. Although it is a specialized wharf, the container wharf will have the greatest impact on the future port industry. More than 90% of general goods are transported in containers, and the construction of wharves with a water depth of 13 to 14 meters is urgently needed due to the increase in the size of container ships.

[Takao Horiguchi]

Main types of wharfs and their plan shapes
©Shogakukan ">

Main types of wharfs and their plan shapes

Container terminal configuration example
©Shogakukan ">

Container terminal configuration example

Example of a sunken wharf
©Shogakukan ">

Example of a sunken wharf


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

旅客・貨物に対する水陸連絡のために、各種の施設が総合的に配置された区域であり、港湾の果たす機能のうち中核となる場所である。埠頭のもつ各種の施設には次のようなものがある。(1)岸壁、桟橋など船舶を係留する係船施設、(2)貨物の積み下ろしを行う荷役機械、上屋(うわや)などの荷さばき施設、(3)貨物を長期間保管する倉庫、野積場(のづみば)などの保管施設、(4)道路、鉄道など旅客・貨物の輸送に供する臨港交通施設、(5)旅客の乗降や待合室などの旅客施設、(6)船舶への給水、給油、食糧補給などのサービスを行う補給施設、(7)船員のための休泊・診療に供する厚生施設、等々である。

[堀口孝男]

種類・形式

埠頭の平面形状としては、突堤式は横浜港、神戸港に多く、平行式は東京港や河港(かこう)(河川沿岸につくられた港)にみられる。切込み式は陸地を掘削するもので、潮差が大きいと水門によって閉ざすロンドン港の形式となる。島式はばら荷の取り扱いに有利であり、双子式は大小船舶の喫水にあわせた突堤形式で、横浜の新港埠頭がそれである。掘込み式は1935年インドで始められた形式を利用したもので、昭和30年代以降各地で施工され、荒い外海を敬遠して内陸の水路で静穏化したものである。専門埠頭ではあるがコンテナ埠頭は、今後の港湾界にもっとも影響を及ぼすものである。雑貨の90%以上がコンテナ輸送となり、コンテナ船の大型化により、水深13~14メートルの埠頭の建設が急がれる状況となっている。

[堀口孝男]

埠頭のおもな種類と平面形状
©Shogakukan">

埠頭のおもな種類と平面形状

コンテナ埠頭の構成例
©Shogakukan">

コンテナ埠頭の構成例

掘込み式埠頭の例
©Shogakukan">

掘込み式埠頭の例


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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