Witt, Johan de

Japanese: ウィット（英語表記）Witt， Johan de

Born: September 24, 1625 in Dordrecht
Died: August 20, 1672. Dutch politician in The Hague. Son of the mayor of Dordrecht. Became a lawyer in The Hague, and in 1650 became legal adviser to the city of Dordrecht. In the struggle between the Parliamentarians and the Orangiers (Governor's faction), he emerged as a leader of the former, and in 1653 he became legal adviser to the Parliament of Holland, serving as Speaker, Prime Minister, and Foreign Minister. After the First Anglo-Dutch War, he devoted himself to diplomacy, domestic reform, and strengthening the navy, and dealt a blow to the British Navy in the Second Anglo-Dutch War. After taking political responsibility for the French invasion of the Netherlands in 1670, he retired and was massacred by Orangier mobs in The Hague. With his profound learning and outstanding political talent, he not only led the Dutch national power and maritime commerce to their peak, but also intervened in the Northern War (1655-60) to support Denmark, and formed the Triple Alliance with England and Sweden against France, making him one of the greatest politicians in 17th-century Europe.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1625.9.24. ドルトレヒト
[没]1672.8.20. ハーグ
オランダの政治家。ドルトレヒト市長の子。ハーグで弁護士となり，1650年にドルトレヒト市の法律顧問。議会派とオランニェ党 (総督派) の争いにおいて，前者の指導者として頭角を現し，53年ホラント州議会の法律顧問として議長，首相，外相を兼ねる地位についた。第1次イギリス＝オランダ戦争後，外交，国内改革，海軍力増強に専念し，第2次イギリス＝オランダ戦争でイギリス海軍に打撃を与えた。 70年フランス軍のオランダ侵入に政治責任を負って引退後，ハーグでオランニェ党の暴民に虐殺された。深い学殖と抜群の政治的才幹によってオランダの国力と海上商業を絶頂期に導いたばかりでなく，北方戦争 (1655～60) に介入してデンマークを援助し，イギリス，スウェーデンと対仏三国同盟を結ぶなど 17世紀ヨーロッパ有数の大政治家であった。

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