Buttoko (English spelling) fó tú hù

Japanese: 仏図戸 - ぶっとこ（英語表記）fó tú hù

Subjugated people of Buddhist sects in China. They were established by the Northern Wei monk Tan'yo around 476 (the first year of the Chengming era) at the request of Emperor Xiaowen, and were engaged in cleaning temples and cultivating temple land. They were also called terako. Serious criminals and government slaves were assigned to these positions, and they spread throughout the Northern Wei dynasty with the rise of Buddhism. Tan'yo also established sogiko, who paid 60 koku of millet to the Sangsao (the government office in charge of religious administration) every year, to solidify the economic base of the sect. It is not known when this was abolished, but subjugated people of the sect called terako continued to exist in later generations.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

中国における仏教教団の隷属民。北魏の沙門統曇曜が，476年(承明1)ごろ，孝文帝に奏請して設置したもので，寺院の清掃や寺田の耕作などに従事した。寺戸ともいった。これには重罪犯人や官奴があてられ，仏教の興隆にともなって北魏全土に普及した。曇曜は同時に毎年，粟60石を僧曹(宗教行政をつかさどる役所)に納める僧祇戸（そうぎこ）を置いて，教団の経済基盤をかためた。これがいつ廃止されたかはわからないが，寺戸とよばれる教団の隷属民は後世にも存した。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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