A type of linear unsaturated hydrocarbon. It is commonly known as butene. There are three isomers: 1-butene (α-butylene), 2-butene (β-butylene), and 2-methylpropene (isobutylene). 2-butene has two geometric isomers, cis and trans. Both are flammable gases with a distinctive odor at room temperature, and are easily liquefied by cooling under pressure. They are obtained as the decomposition products of petroleum. In Japan, butane and butylene are produced annually at a total of about 3 million tons. 2-butene is used to produce 2-butanol and, via it, methyl ethyl ketone, and 1- and 2-butene are polymerized to produce polybutene. It is also used as butadiene to produce various synthetic rubbers. 2-Methylpropene (isobutylene) is used to produce methyl methacrylate, methacrylonitrile, and butyl rubber. [Tokumaru Katsumi] [Supplementary Materials] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
鎖状不飽和炭化水素の一種。一般にはブテンbuteneの名で知られる。1-ブテン(α(アルファ)-ブチレン)、2-ブテン(β(ベータ)-ブチレン)および2-メチルプロペン(イソブチレン)の3種の異性体がある。なお、2-ブテンにはシス形とトランス形の2種の幾何異性体がある。いずれも常温で特有の臭気のある可燃性の気体で、加圧下冷却により容易に液化する。これらは石油の分解産物から得られる。日本ではブタンとブチレンをあわせて年間約300万トン生産される。2-ブテンは2-ブタノールや、それを経由するメチルエチルケトンの製造に、また、1-および2-ブテンは、重合によりポリブテンの製造に利用される。また、ブタジエンとして各種の合成ゴム製造のために利用されている。2-メチルプロペン(イソブチレン)はメタクリル酸メチル、メタクリロニトリルの製造やブチルゴムの製造に利用される。 [徳丸克己] [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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