Putyatin, Evfimii Vasil'evich

Japanese: プチャーチン（英語表記）Putyatin, Evfimii Vasil'evich

Born: November 8, 1803.
[Died] October 16, 1883.
A naval officer of the Russian Empire, he was the envoy who concluded the Treaty of Peace and Amity between Japan and Russia at the end of the Edo period. In 1852, he was ordered to establish diplomatic and commercial relations with Japan, and arrived in Nagasaki in July 1853. He left when the Edo Shogunate refused, but returned in December 1853. He negotiated trade and border issues with Tsutsui Masanori, a reception attendant for the Shogunate. He left when the Crimean War broke out, but arrived in Nagasaki for the third time in March 1854 and submitted a memorandum of negotiations to the Shogunate. In September 1854, he left Kamchatka, passed through Hakodate, and anchored off the coast of Tenpozan in Osaka, and sailed to Shimoda (→ Shimoda City) at the request of the Shogunate. In November 1854, the warship Diana was destroyed by a tsunami, but he landed in Shimoda in December and succeeded in concluding a treaty similar to the Treaty of Peace and Amity between Japan and Russia on December 21. Furthermore, in the fourth year of the same year, he arrived in Nagasaki, where he signed an additional treaty opening the ports of Nagasaki and Hakodate, and in July of the fifth year of the same year, he succeeded in signing the Japan-Russia Treaty of Amity and Commerce and the accompanying trade regulations in Edo, where he had an audience with Tokugawa Yoshitomi (→Tokugawa Iemochi). For his achievements, he was promoted to admiral, and in 1861 he became Minister of Education and played an active role in politics. Details of the Japan-Russia negotiations are recorded in "A Voyage to Japan" (included in the New Foreign Books as "Goncharov's Voyage to Japan"), a partial translation of "The Frigate Pallada" (1858) by the literary scholar Ivan Goncharov, who accompanied Putyatin as his secretary. (→Foreign Books)

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1803.11.8.
[没]1883.10.16.
ロシア帝国の海軍将官，幕末の日露和親条約の締結使節。1852年日本との国交，通商関係設定の命を受け，嘉永6（1853）年7月長崎に来航，江戸幕府に拒否されて退去したが，同6年12月長崎に再来。幕府応接掛筒井政憲らと通商および国境画定問題の交渉にあたった。クリミア戦争勃発のため退去したが，安政1（1854）年3月三たび長崎に来航，交渉案件の覚え書を幕府に提出。同1年9月カムチャツカから箱館を経て大坂天保山沖に停泊，幕府の要請に応じて下田（→下田市）に回航。同1年11月移乗した軍艦『ディアナ』号が津波で大破したが，12月に下田に上陸し，日米和親条約と同様の条約を 12月21日，日露間に締結することに成功した。さらに同4年長崎に来航，長崎，箱館開港の追加条約を調印，同5年7月には江戸で日露修好通商条約および付属貿易章程の調印に成功し，徳川慶福（→徳川家茂）に謁見した。功により海軍大将となり，1861年文部大臣となって政界で活躍した。プチャーチンの秘書として随行した文学者イワン・ゴンチャロフ著『フリゲート艦パラーダ号』Fregat Pallada（1858）の部分訳『日本渡航記』（『新異国叢書』に「ゴンチャローフ日本渡航記」として所収）に日露交渉の詳細が記されている。（→異国叢書）

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