Gu Xiancheng

A leader of the group known as the Donglin School in the late Ming Dynasty in China. A native of Wuxi, Jiangsu Province. Based at the Donglin Academy in Wuxi with Gao Panlong and others, he opposed the No Good, No Evil school (a school that denied and criticized established morality) of the late Yangming school, and worked to emphasize morality in his teaching activities from the standpoint of reorganizing the order in rural areas. At the same time, he played a leading role among the bureaucrats and scholar-officials of the time, who were seeking a new dynastic system based on the landlord order in rural areas, by boldly opposing the arbitrary exercise of dynastic power by the 14th emperor Wanli and the eunuch faction surrounding him. After his death, the successors of this movement were oppressed by the eunuch faction as the "Donglin Party."

[Yuzo Mizoguchi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、明(みん)末の東林(とうりん)派とよばれるグループの指導者。江蘇(こうそ)省無錫(むしゃく)の人。高攀竜(こうはんりょう)らとともに無錫の東林書院に依拠し、陽明(ようめい)学末流の無善無悪派（既成道徳の否定・批判派）に反対し、郷村秩序を再編する立場から、道徳重視の講学活動に努め、一方、14代万暦(ばんれき)帝とそれを取り巻く宦官(かんがん)派による王朝権力の恣意(しい)的な行使に敢然と対抗するなど、郷村における地主制的秩序に基づいた新しい王朝体制を模索しつつあった当時の官僚・士大夫(したいふ)層の間で、指導的役割を果たした。彼の死後、この運動の後継者らは、宦官派から「東林党」として弾圧された。

［溝口雄三］

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