A plant that does not have chlorophyll and therefore does not carry out photosynthesis, but instead lives by absorbing organic matter. Also known as necrotrophs, they are treated as a type of heterotrophic plant. In the past, saprophytic fungi consisting of bacteria and fungi were also included in this category, but now, since fungi are considered to constitute an independent biological kingdom, the term refers to seed plants that have these properties. Representative examples include the transparent white silver bell of the Araceae family, and the ground cricket and banded clubfoot of the Orchidaceae family. In the past, it was thought that they directly absorbed organic matter from forest humus, but in reality they are mycorrhizal plants that insert basidiomycete hyphae into their roots and underground stems and obtain organic matter from the contents of these. Therefore, they can also be considered plants that parasitize fungi. [Nori Saito] From April to July, several stems emerge from the moist humus soil in the forest, and a single white tubular flower hangs downward at the top of the stem. ©Shogakukan "> Silver bellflower Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
葉緑素をもたないため光合成を行わず、かわりに有機物を吸収して生活する植物。死物寄生植物ともいい、従属栄養植物の一つとして扱われる。かつては細菌や菌類からなる腐生菌もこれに含まれたが、現在では菌類が独立の生物界を構成するという考えから、こうした性質をもった種子植物をさして使われる。イチヤクソウ科の白色透明なギンリョウソウやラン科のツチアケビ、オニノヤガラなどが代表的である。昔は、森林の腐植土の有機物を直接吸収していると考えられてきたが、実際には根や地下茎に担子菌の菌糸を入れ、その内容物から有機物を得ている菌根植物である。したがって菌に寄生している植物と考えることもできる。 [斎藤 紀] 4~7月、林の中の湿った腐植土に数本の茎を出し、茎頂に白い筒形の花を1個下向きにつける©Shogakukan"> ギンリョウソウ 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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