national government

Japanese: national government（英語表記）nationalgovernment

...While it is easy to create a sense of national unity in times of crisis, there are many cases where the government does not have the power to act as expected due to a lack of means of control within the cabinet. In the UK, where there was a strong tradition of single-party cabinets except during wartime, the MacDonald government, which was composed of the Conservative and Liberal parties and the National Labour Party that had separated from the Labour Party, was formed in 1931 in response to the Great Depression and was famously called a national government. In Japan, the Saito Makoto cabinet, which was formed the following year after the May 15 Incident, is generally considered to be the first national unity cabinet. ...

From the Government:

…Secondly, the narrow concept of government as seen in German law survives, as in the present day Japanese people often refer to the cabinet as the government. However, in Germany and Japan, the principle of legitimacy of state activities has shifted from monarchical sovereignty to popular sovereignty, and it has come to be taken for granted that even a narrow government is regulated and monitored by the legislative and judicial branches, and that it mediates through the representatives of the people. Thirdly, the traditional concept of a national government, which has been closely and inseparably linked to the sovereign state system since the Treaty of Westphalia and regarded as an external policy-making body, has been relativized and diluted by the formation of supranational policy-making bodies such as the United Nations and the European Community, deepening interdependence between nations, and the diversification and multi-layering of the levels of action of nations, such as private diplomacy and exchanges between local governments. The formation of the concept of self-governance, linked to the idea of self-administration, has also forced a reexamination of the traditional concept of government. …

*Some explanations of terms that refer to "national government" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…危機における国民の一体感をつくりやすい反面，閣内統制手段の不足から期待したほど実行力の伴わない場合も多い。戦時を除き単一政党内閣の伝統が強かったイギリスで，世界大恐慌に対応するため，保守，自由両党と労働党から分離した国民労働党によって構成されるマクドナルド内閣が1931年に発足し，挙国内閣national governmentと呼ばれたのが有名。日本では翌年の五･一五事件後成立した斎藤実内閣が通例最初の挙国一致内閣とされる。…

【政府】より

…第2に，現在の日本でも内閣を政府と呼ぶ場合が多いように，ドイツ国法学型の狭義の政府概念は生き残るが，ドイツや日本などでも君主主権から国民主権へと国家活動の正統性原理が転換することにより，狭義の政府であっても立法･司法府の規制と監視を受け，国民代表を媒介することが当然とみなされるようになった。第3に，ウェストファリア条約以来の主権国家システムと密接不可分で対外的政策決定主体とみなされてきた伝統的国家政府national governmentの観念が，国際連合，ヨーロッパ共同体など超国家的政策決定主体の形成や国家間相互依存の深まり，さらには民間外交や地方自治体間交流など諸国民の行動レベルの多元化，多層化により相対化され稀釈されて，国際政府international governmentや地方政府local governmentの観念が発達してきた。自主管理self administration構想と結びついた自己統治＝自治self government観念の形成も，従来の政府概念に再検討を迫ってきている。…

※「national government」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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