When all of the atoms or groups of atoms to which a carbon atom is covalently bonded by four single bonds are different, that carbon atom is an asymmetric carbon atom. In this case, the atomic arrangement centered on the asymmetric carbon atom can have two types of real image and mirror image relationships that do not match when superimposed on each other, and one pair is called an antipode, enantiomer, or enantiomer. Asymmetry is based on chirality, and when there is no second type of symmetric element (axis of rotation), a pair of antipodes is always possible, and unless there are special conditions, it becomes a pair of optical isomers. In general, an atom that is the center of asymmetry is called an asymmetric atom, not limited to carbon atoms. [Iwamoto Shinbu] [Reference items] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
単結合4本で共有結合している炭素原子の結合相手の原子あるいは原子団すべてが異なるとき、その炭素原子が不斉炭素原子である。不斉は不整とも書く。このとき、不斉炭素原子を中心とする原子配置には、互いに重ね合わせても一致することのない実像と鏡像の関係にある2種が可能となり、その1対を対掌体antipodeあるいは鏡像体enantiomerまたはエナンチオマーという。不斉はキラリティーに基づいており、第2種の対称要素(転義回転軸)がないときの原子配置には、つねに1対の対掌体が可能となり、特殊な条件でない限り、光学異性体の対になる。炭素原子に限らず、一般に不斉の中心になる原子を不斉原子という。 [岩本振武] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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