Booth, William

Japanese: ブース(英語表記)Booth, William
Booth, William
Born: April 10, 1829, Nottingham
[Died] August 20, 1912. London. Founder of the Salvation Army in England. After his father, a building contractor, went bankrupt, he began working at a pawnbroker's shop, where he encountered the poverty and decadence of his fellow countrymen and felt a passion to fight against it. In 1844, he underwent a religious conversion and began preaching as a Methodist, and later joined the Methodist Reformed Church. In 1861, he separated from the church and began his own missionary work, including roadside evangelism. In 1865, after successfully evangelizing in tents in London, he realized the need for mass evangelism outside the church, and in 1878 he founded the Salvation Army. At first, he was persecuted by the masses, but later he grew to the point of having contact with the Church of England, and the movement spread to America in 1879 and Australia in 1880. By 1890, the movement had spread throughout Europe, India, South Africa, South America, and Japan. His main work is In Darkest England and the Way Out (1890).

booth
Booth, John Wilkes

Born: May 10, 1838 in Bel Air, Maryland, USA
[Died] April 26, 1865. Near Port Royal, Virginia, USA. American actor. Known as the assassin of President A. Lincoln. A member of the Booth family, the most famous acting family in 19th century America. Hated Lincoln when he was elected president, and during the Civil War, he worked as an actor and a secret agent for the Confederacy. By the fall of 1864, he had planned to assassinate federal government officials, especially Lincoln and Secretary of State W. Theod, and gathered his allies. On April 14, 1865, he shot Lincoln while he was watching a play at Ford Theater in Washington, DC. His body was found 12 days later in a tobacco barn in Virginia, but it is still unknown whether he committed suicide or was shot to death. There is also no certainty that there was some other ulterior motive.

booth
Booth, Charles

Born: March 30, 1840, Liverpool
[died] 23 November 1916. Whittick, Leicestershire. British shipping manager, statistician and social reformer. In 1886 he conducted a poverty survey focusing on the residential areas of the poor in London, which shed light on the scientific basis of poverty and proposed a system of non-contributory old-age pensions. This survey is considered a pioneering study of poverty and social research, as it captured the relationship between workers' income and expenditure, and combined statistical methods and case studies on standards of living and employability. His main work was Life and Labour of the People in London (17 volumes, 1891-1903).

booth
Booth, Edwin Thomas

Born November 13, 1833, near Bel Air, Maryland
[Died] June 7, 1893. New York. American actor. Son of JB Booth. Tragic actor who excelled in Shakespeare and other classical plays. The first American actor to achieve worldwide fame, appearing on the stage in New York, London and Germany. His best roles include Hamlet, Richard III and Romeo. He is best known for his London stage production of Othello (1880-82), in which he alternated between Othello and Iago with H. Irving.

booth
Booth, Junius Brutus

Born: May 1, 1796, London
[Died] November 30, 1852. On a boat on the Mississippi River. Born in England, he was an American actor. He gained fame performing with E. Keane at the Covent Garden Theatre in London from 1817 to 1820, but in 1821 he moved to America and was active on the American stage, playing roles such as Richard III, Othello, and Shylock, among others, in Shakespearean tragedies. He also showed skill in theater management.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1829.4.10. ノッティンガム
[没]1912.8.20. ロンドン
イギリスの救世軍創立者。建築業者であった父の倒産により質屋に勤め,そこで同胞の貧困と退廃とに接し,それに対する戦いの熱情を感じた。 1844年宗教的回心を体験し,メソジスト派として説教活動を始め,のちにメソジスト改革派に身を投じた。 61年には同教会から分離して,路傍伝道など独自の伝道活動を行なった。 65年ロンドンで成功した天幕伝道の経験により,教会外の大衆伝道の必要性を認め,78年救世軍を創立。当初は大衆からも迫害を受けたが,のちにはイギリス国教会とも交渉をもつほどに成長し,79年アメリカ,80年オーストラリアへも発展し,90年までにはヨーロッパ全土,インド,南アフリカ,南アメリカ,日本にも運動は広がった。主著『最暗黒の英国とその出路』 In Darkest England and the Way Out (1890) 。

ブース
Booth, John Wilkes

[生]1838.5.10. アメリカ,メリーランド,ベルエア
[没]1865.4.26. アメリカ,バージニア,ポートロイヤル付近
アメリカの俳優。 A.リンカーン大統領の暗殺者として有名。 19世紀アメリカで最も有名な俳優一族ブース家の一員。大統領に当選したリンカーンを憎み,南北戦争中は俳優業と南部連合の秘密情報員の役にあたった。 1864年秋までに連邦政府要人,特にリンカーンと国務長官 W.シオードの暗殺を計画して仲間を集め,65年4月 14日ワシントン D.C.のフォード劇場で観劇中のリンカーンを射殺した。 12日後バージニア州のたばこ小屋で死体となって発見されたが,自殺したか,射殺されたかはいまだに不明。また背後関係があったかどうかも確証はない。

ブース
Booth, Charles

[生]1840.3.30. リバプール
[没]1916.11.23. レスターシャー,ウィティク
イギリスの海運業経営者,統計学者,社会改良家。 1886年にロンドンの貧しい人たちの居住地を中心に貧困調査を行なって,貧困に関する科学的根拠を明らかにし,無拠出老齢年金の制度などを提案した。この調査は労働者の収入と支出との関係をとらえ,生活と雇用能力の標準に関する統計的方法と事例研究を組合せるなど,貧困調査や社会調査の先駆的研究とされている。主著『ロンドン市民の生活と労働』 Life and Labour of the People in London (17巻,1891~1903) 。

ブース
Booth, Edwin Thomas

[生]1833.11.13. メリーランド,ベルエア近郊
[没]1893.6.7. ニューヨーク
アメリカの俳優。 J.B.ブースの息子。シェークスピアその他の古典劇にすぐれた演技を見せた悲劇俳優。ニューヨーク,ロンドンやドイツの舞台に出演し,世界的名声をかちえた最初のアメリカ人俳優。当り役は,ハムレット,リチャード3世,ロミオなど。ロンドンで H.アービングと交互にオセロとイアーゴーを演じた『オセロ』の舞台 (1880~82) が有名。

ブース
Booth, Junius Brutus

[生]1796.5.1. ロンドン
[没]1852.11.30. ミシシッピ川の船上
イギリス生れのアメリカの俳優。 1817~20年ロンドンのコベントガーデン劇場で E.キーンと共演し名声を博したが,21年アメリカに渡り,以後アメリカの舞台で活躍,リチャード3世,オセロ,シャイロック役など,なかでもシェークスピア悲劇を得意とした。また劇場経営にも手腕をふるった。

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