A prefecture-level city in the eastern part of Fujian Province, China, and the capital of the province. Its abbreviation is Rong. It is located on both sides of the lower Min River, the province's largest river that flows into the Taiwan Strait. It has jurisdiction over five city districts and six counties, and acts as the administrative agent for two county-level cities, Fuqing and Changle (as of 2017). It has a population of 6,783,600, and a city district population of 1,999,600 (2015). The average annual temperature is 16-20°C, and the annual precipitation is 900-2,100 mm. It has a warm climate with long summers and short winters. Since the 2000s, the heat island phenomenon has been observed due to urbanization. It has sister city partnerships with Nagasaki City and Naha City. [Chieko Aoki, Michihiro Kono, and editorial staff, January 19, 2018] historyIt was opened as a foreign trade port in the ancient Tang and Song dynasties, and developed after the Ming dynasty when Quanzhou, 180 km southwest, went into decline. At the end of the Qing dynasty, it became an open port together with Xiamen under the Treaty of Nanking, and shipyards and wharves were built by the British. [Chieko Aoki and Michihiro Kono, January 19, 2018] Industry and TransportationIt is one of China's important trading ports, and in 1984 it was designated as one of the 14 coastal cities that have opened up to the outside world. It is known for processing jasmine tea, but after the founding of the People's Republic of China, industrialization has progressed, and industries such as machinery, chemicals, paper, wood, and food have been established. In 1991, the Fuzhou High-Tech Industrial Development Zone was established, and since then, the electronic information industry, biopharmaceutical manufacturing, and new material industries have rapidly developed. In addition, since it is one of the birthplaces of overseas Chinese, active investment from overseas Chinese and geographically nearby Taiwan has promoted the city's economic development. Since the "One Belt, One Road" initiative was proposed in 2013, Fuzhou City, a key location on the ancient Maritime Silk Road, has been actively participating in the initiative. In 2015, Fujian Province was designated as a core region of the "21st Century Maritime Silk Road," and Fuzhou City, the provincial capital, was designated as an important starting point. Known traditional crafts include Shoushan stone carvings, cork crafts, Datai lacquerware, and horn combs. In addition to the Yingtan Line (Yingtan-Xiamen), Wenfu Line (Wenzhou-Fuzhou), Fuxia Line (Fuzhou-Xiamen), and Fengfu Line (Hengfeng-Fuzhou), there is also the Hangzhou-Fuzhou-Shenzhen Dedicated Passenger Line (Hangzhou-Fuzhou-Shenzhen), which opened in 2013, the Xiangpu High Speed Railway (Nanchang-Putian), and the Hefei High Speed Railway (Hefei-Fuzhou), which opened in 2015. Long-distance buses connect the province with various locations. There are direct flights to various locations in the country as well as Hong Kong, and regular coastal routes to Shanghai, Guangzhou, and other cities. [Chieko Aoki, Michihiro Kono, and editorial staff, January 19, 2018] Culture and TourismThe city is divided into the north bank of the Min River, where there was an ancient walled city, and the south bank of the new city. On the north bank are the three mountains of Gushan, Osan, and Usan, which were called the Three Mountains of Triumphant Standing. There are many scenic spots and historical sites, such as the famous Yongquan Temple with a 1000-year history in Gushan, the Eighteen Scenic Views of Gushan in the Darma Cave area, and the cliff carvings in Osan and Usan from the Tang to Qing dynasties. [Chieko Aoki and Michihiro Kono, January 19, 2018] [References] | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
中国、福建(ふっけん)省東部にある地級市で、同省の省都。略称は榕(よう)。台湾海峡に流入する省内最大の河川である閩江(びんこう)下流の両岸に位置する。5市轄区と6県を管轄し、福清(ふくせい)、長楽(ちょうらく)の2県級市の管轄代行を行う(2017年時点)。人口678万3600、市轄区人口199万9600(2015)。年平均気温は16~20℃、年降水量は900~2100ミリメートル。温暖な気候で夏が長く冬が短い。2000年代以降、都市化に伴うヒートアイランド現象がみられる。長崎市、那覇(なは)市と姉妹都市提携を締結している。 [青木千枝子・河野通博・編集部 2018年1月19日] 歴史古く唐・宋(そう)代から対外貿易港として開け、南西180キロメートルにある泉州(せんしゅう)が衰えた明(みん)代以後発展した。清(しん)末には南京(ナンキン)条約により厦門(アモイ)とともに開港場となり、イギリスによって造船所や埠頭(ふとう)が建設された。 [青木千枝子・河野通博 2018年1月19日] 産業・交通中国の重要な貿易港の一つで、1984年には沿海対外開放14都市の一つに指定された。ジャスミン茶の加工で知られるが、中華人民共和国成立後は工業化が進み、機械、化学、製紙、木材、食品などの工業が立地する。1991年に福州ハイテク産業開発区(高新区)が設置され、以後、電子情報産業やバイオ医薬品製造、新素材産業などが急速に発展した。また、華僑(かきょう)の出身地の一つであるため、華僑や、地理的に近い台湾からの積極的な投資が本市の経済発展を促している。2013年に「一帯一路」構想が提唱されて以降、古代の海上シルクロード(海の道)の要地であった福州市は同構想に積極的に参画している。2015年福建省が「21世紀海上シルクロード」の中核地域に指定され、省都である福州市は重要起点とされた。伝統工芸としては、寿山石(じゅさんせき)彫刻、コルク細工、脱胎(だったい)漆器、角櫛(つのぐし)などが知られる。 鷹厦(ようか)線(鷹潭(ようたん)―厦門)、温福線(温州(おんしゅう)―福州)、福厦線(福州―厦門)、峰福線(横峰(おうほう)―福州)のほか、2013年開通の杭福深旅客専用線(杭州(こうしゅう)―福州―深圳(しんせん))や向莆高速鉄道(南昌(なんしょう)―莆田(ほでん))、2015年開通の合福高速鉄道(合肥(ごうひ)―福州)が通じる。省内各地とは長距離バスで結ばれている。空路は国内各地のほか香港(ホンコン)へも直航便があり、沿岸定期航路も上海(シャンハイ)、広州(こうしゅう)などに通じている。 [青木千枝子・河野通博・編集部 2018年1月19日] 文化・観光市区は古代からの城壁都市があった閩江北岸と、新市街の南岸に分かれる。北岸には三山鼎立(ていりつ)とよばれた鼓山(こざん)、烏山(うざん)、于山(うざん)があり、鼓山の1000年の歴史をもつ名刹涌泉寺(ようせんじ)や達磨洞一帯の鼓山十八景、烏山・于山の唐代から清代にかけての磨崖(まがい)石刻など、多くの名勝・旧跡がある。 [青木千枝子・河野通博 2018年1月19日] [参照項目] | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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