Nuclear medicine

Japanese: 核医学 - かくいがく(英語表記)nuclear medicine
Nuclear medicine
A medical field that uses unsealed radioisotopes or radiopharmaceuticals to diagnose and treat diseases. In the case of diagnosis, there are two types: methods that are administered inside the human body and methods that are used outside the human body. The former include scintigraphy, which depicts various organs, tissues, and malignant tumors after administering a harmless, short-lived, gamma-ray-emitting nuclide that can be measured outside the body, and dynamic function tests (such as renograms). In addition, by collecting blood, urine, and feces and measuring their dose, it is possible to know the circulating blood volume, the life span of red blood cells, and the absorption state of vitamin B12 . The latter is a method that is performed entirely in a test tube using the patient's serum, such as radioimmunoassay. Nuclear medicine tests are safe and cause little pain to patients, but legal management is required to prevent radiation damage. A typical treatment is the treatment of hyperthyroidism with 131I .

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
非密封放射性同位元素あるいは放射性医薬品を用いて,疾患の診断や治療を行う医療分野。診断の場合,人体内に投与する方法と,人体外で使用する方法とに分けられる。前者には,無害,短半減期で,体外計測できるような γ 線放出性核種を投与したのち,各種臓器,組織や悪性腫瘍を描画するシンチグラフィーと,動態機能検査 (レノグラムなど) がある。また,血液,尿,糞便などを採取し,その線量測定を行うことにより,循環血液量,赤血球の寿命,ビタミン B12 吸収状態などを知ることもできる。後者は,患者の血清などを用いてすべて試験管中で行う方法で,放射免疫測定法 (ラジオイムノアッセイ) などがある。核医学検査は患者に与える苦痛が少く,安全な方法であるが,放射線障害防止のため,法律に基づいた管理が必要とされる。治療では,131I による甲状腺機能亢進症の治療が代表的である。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

<<:  Nuclear isomers

>>:  Degree - degree

Recommend

Röntgen, J.

… In the 17th and 18th centuries, citizen perform...

Kanai Tsutsuya Hankuro - Kanai Tsutsuya Hankuro

...Kabuki author. Commonly known as Hankuro Kanai...

Sea taste - Kaishu

...Most of the town area is covered by forests an...

Mitsuru Okada

1894-1913 A nationalist of the Taisho period. Bor...

Large blue-spotted grouper - Large blue-spotted grouper

…There are many delicious species, and they can b...

Campo Grande (English spelling)

The capital of Mato Grosso do Sul state in centra...

Washington National Airport

...Located 43km west of Washington, it has an are...

Sharinbai (wheel plum) - Raphiolepis umbellata

An evergreen shrub of the Rosaceae family. It grow...

Sedum spectabile (English spelling) Sedum spectabile

… [Hiroshi Yuasa]. … From [Kasso (Spiraea)] … [Hi...

Renault National Corporation (English name)

Renault is the largest automobile manufacturer in ...

Aramina fibre

...The fruit is obovate, less than 1 cm long, and...

Kinpokusan Shrine

...There is a rhododendron colony near the peak. ...

Spider crab

…They are found from Tokyo Bay to Kyushu, living ...

Zamia (English spelling)

A gymnosperm of the Cycadaceae family. About 36 sp...

Harpago chiragra

A snail shell of the family Polytminae (illustrati...