Towards the end of the Pacific War, the Japanese Army carried out an offensive against Imphal in East India (called Operation U). It was planned to prevent the British and Indian Army, which was based in Imphal, from invading Burma (now Myanmar), and to secure a foothold in Indian territory to support Chandra Bose's Provisional Government of Free India, and was approved by Imperial General Headquarters in January 1944. The 15th Army (Commander: Lieutenant General Mutaguchi Renya), which was in charge of the operation, began operations in March of that year, and advanced to a point near Imphal in April, but was forced to go on the defensive due to a strong counterattack by the British and Indian Army supported by air power and interruptions to supplies, and in July an order to retreat was given, beginning a disastrous retreat in which many soldiers were lost to hunger and disease (72,000 dead and wounded). This operation, which was planned and carried out with overconfidence in the Japanese military's combat capabilities and with no regard for supplies, exposed the rigidity of Japanese military operational leadership and its failure led to the collapse of the Burma defense plan. [Yoshida Yutaka] "Shizuo Maruyama's 'Imphal Battle Chronicle' (Iwanami Shinsho)" Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
太平洋戦争の末期、日本軍により実施された東インドのインパールに対する進攻作戦(ウ号作戦と呼称)。同方面を根拠地とするイギリス・インド軍のビルマ(現ミャンマー)進攻作戦を未然に防止し、あわせてチャンドラ・ボースの自由インド仮政府支援のため、インド領内における足場を確保することを目的として計画され、1944年(昭和19)1月、大本営の認可するところとなった。同作戦を担当した第一五軍(司令官牟田口廉也(むたぐちれんや)中将)は、同年3月に行動を開始し、4月にはインパール付近の地点にまで進出したが、航空兵力の支援を受けたイギリス・インド軍の強力な反撃と補給の途絶とによって、しだいに守勢に回り、7月には退却命令が下され、飢えと病気により多数の将兵を失った悲惨な退却戦が開始される(死傷者数7万2000人)。日本軍の戦闘能力を過信し補給を無視して計画・実施されたこの作戦は、日本軍の作戦指導の硬直性を暴露し、その失敗によりビルマ防衛計画を崩壊に導いた。 [吉田 裕] 『丸山静雄著『インパール作戦従軍記』(岩波新書)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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