The people who supported King James II, who was exiled during the Glorious Revolution, and his descendants as the legitimate British monarchs. The name comes from Jacobus, the Latin form of James. Some served in the exiled court in Saint-Germain, France, while others remained in Britain. They first sought the support of Louis XIV, King of France, to overthrow William III and restore James to the throne, and attempted to assassinate William III in 1696. In 1714, the House of Hanover was established, and the following year they supported the great pretender JFE Stuart and started the "Fifteen Years' Rebellion," but it was suppressed. Then, during the War of the Austrian Succession, they welcomed the minor pretender CE Stuart to Scotland and started the "Forty-five Years' Rebellion," but it failed again, and their power declined after that. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
名誉革命で亡命した国王ジェームズ2世とその子孫を,正統のイギリス君主として支持した人々。ジェームズ派の意で,その名称は,ジェームズ Jamesのラテン語形ヤコブス Jacobusに由来する。フランスのサンジェルマンにあった亡命宮廷に仕えた者も,イギリス国内にとどまった者もいた。彼らはまずフランス王ルイ 14世の援助を得てウィリアム3世の打倒とジェームズの復位を策し,1696年ウィリアム3世暗殺計画を試みた。 1714年ハノーバー朝が成立すると,翌年彼らは,大王位僭称者 J.F.E.スチュアートを擁して「十五年の反乱」を起したが鎮圧された。続いてオーストリア継承戦争中に,小王位僭称者 C.E.スチュアートをスコットランドに迎えて「四十五年の反乱」を起したが,再び失敗し,こののち彼らの勢力は衰えた。
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