fermium

Japanese: フェルミウム
fermium

Fm. An element with atomic number 100. It is an actinide element in group 3 of the periodic table with the electron configuration [Rn] 5f127s2 . It was the eighth transuranium element to be discovered. Its discovery was announced in 1955, one year after the death of E. Fermi, and it was named after him. In December 1952, A. Ghiorso and others from the University of California, Berkeley, in collaboration with groups from Argonne National Laboratory and Los Alamos National Laboratory, confirmed the existence of 255Fm , which has a half-life of 20 hours, in the residue of the first hydrogen bomb test at Eniwetok Atoll in November of the same year. The process of its production is the sequential neutron absorption of 238U and a beta decay chain. While this discovery was kept secret as a military secret, in 1953, the Nobel Institute in Stockholm, Sweden, succeeded in synthesizing a nuclide of mass number 250 that undergoes alpha decay with a half-life of 30 min by bombarding 238 U with 16 O. It is obtained by sequential neutron absorption in a high neutron flux reactor from Pu etc. It is a metal with a melting point of 1527 °C. Its first ionization energy is 640.5 kJ mol -1 (6.64 eV). Its oxidation numbers are 2 to 4. Currently, there are 19 known isotopic nuclides in the range 242 to 260. The alpha decay nuclide of mass number 257 is the longest-lived, with a half-life of 100.5 d. 250 Fm was useful in identifying nobelium as an alpha decay product of element 102, nobelium 254 No. [CAS 7440-72-4]

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

Japanese:

Fm.原子番号100の元素.電子配置[Rn]5f 127s2の周期表3族アクチノイド元素.8番目に発見された超ウラン元素.E. Fermi(フェルミ)の死去1年後の1955年に発見が発表され,かれの名前にちなんで命名された.1952年12月,カリフォルニア大学バークレー校のA. Ghiorsoらとアルゴンヌ国立研究所,ロスアラモス国立研究所グループの共同作業により,同年11月のエニウェトク環礁における最初の水爆実験の残分中から半減期20 h の 255Fm が確認された.このときの生成過程は 238U の逐次中性子吸収とβ崩壊鎖である.この発見が軍事上の機密として発表されないまま,1953年,スウェーデンのストックホルムのノーベル研究所で,238U を 16O で衝撃して半減期30 min でα崩壊する質量数250の核種の合成に成功した.Puなどからの高中性子束原子炉中での逐次中性子吸収で得られる.融点1527 ℃ の金属.第一イオン化エネルギー640.5 kJ mol-1(6.64 eV).酸化数2~4.現在,知られている同位体核種は,242~260の範囲に19種.質量数257のα崩壊核種がもっとも長寿命で半減期100.5 d.250Fm は102番元素ノーベリウム254No のα崩壊生成物として,ノーベリウムの確認に役立った.[CAS 7440-72-4]

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