Yaita (English spelling) sheet pile

Japanese: 矢板 - やいた(英語表記)sheet pile
Yaita (English spelling) sheet pile

A type of civil engineering construction material. It is usually driven into the ground in a continuous wall shape and used as an earth retaining wall or water cut-off wall to resist lateral external forces. It is used for a wide range of applications, including temporary construction such as earth retaining works, temporary cofferdams, islands, and temporary revetments, as well as quays, revetments, breakwaters, impermeable walls, dock culverts, and bridge foundations. Depending on the material, it is broadly divided into wooden sheet piles, concrete sheet piles, and steel sheet piles.

Wooden sheet piles are used for small-scale, simple retaining walls, but because they are generally not very durable and it is difficult to obtain large cross-section wooden sheet piles, they have now been replaced by steel sheet piles.

Concrete sheet piles are heavy and inconvenient to handle, but they are resistant to corrosion and are often used for shallow waterway gutters and simple permanent retaining walls. Concrete sheet piles include reinforced concrete sheet piles (RC sheet piles), prestressed concrete sheet piles (PC sheet piles), and pressurized concrete sheet piles.

Steel sheet piles include steel sheet piles (sheet piles), lightweight steel sheet piles (trench sheets), and steel pipe sheet piles. There are various types of steel sheet piles, such as U-shaped, Z-shaped, H-shaped, and straight, and there are many types of cross-sectional performance, so they are the most widely used because they can be selected according to the purpose and conditions of use. Lightweight steel sheet piles are used for shallow earth retaining structures in small-scale construction works that do not require the same strength or water-stopping properties as regular steel sheet piles. Steel pipe sheet piles, on the other hand, have the greatest cross-sectional strength and are often used for large-scale earth retaining structures, temporary cofferdams, revetments, foundation works, and other permanent structures, or when used for both temporary and permanent structures.

[Akira Kono, Hitoshi Shimizu, and Takashi Shigitani]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

土木建築材料の一種。通常、連続して壁状に地盤中に打ち込み、横方向の外力に抵抗させて土止め壁または止水壁として用いる。土止め工、仮締切り工、築島、仮護岸などの仮設工事をはじめ、岸壁、護岸、防波堤、遮水壁、ドック渠壁(きょへき)、橋梁(きょうりょう)基礎など広範囲な用途に使用される。材料により、木矢板、コンクリート矢板、および鋼製矢板に大別される。

 木矢板は小規模な簡易土止めに用いられるが、一般に耐久性が乏しく、断面の大きなものが入手しにくいことなどから、現在では鋼製矢板にとってかわられている。

 コンクリート矢板は重量が大きく取扱いが不便である反面、腐食に対して有利であり、浅い水路側溝や簡単な永久土止め壁として用いられることが多い。コンクリート矢板としては鉄筋コンクリート矢板(RC矢板)、プレストレストコンクリート矢板(PC矢板)、加圧コンクリート矢板などがある。

 鋼製矢板には鋼矢板(シートパイル)、軽量鋼矢板(トレンチシート)、および鋼管矢板がある。鋼矢板としてはU形、Z形、H形、直線形など種々のものがあり、断面性能についても多くの種類があり、使用目的や条件に応じて任意に選択できるので、もっとも広く使用されている。軽量鋼矢板は普通の鋼矢板ほどに強度や止水性を必要としない小規模工事の浅い土止めなどに用いられる。また、鋼管矢板は断面強度がもっとも大きく、大規模な土止め、仮締切り工や護岸、基礎工などの永久構造物、あるいは仮設と本構造物の兼用で用いられる場合などに使用例が多い。

[河野 彰・清水 仁・鴫谷 孝]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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