Containment policy

Japanese: 封じ込め政策 - ふうじこめせいさく(英語表記)containment policy
Containment policy

America's foreign policy towards the Soviet Union in the late 1940s. It was proposed by George Kennan, Director of Policy Planning at the State Department. Kennan published an anonymous article titled "The Sources of Soviet Action" in the July 1947 issue of Foreign Affairs magazine. He argued that providing economic and military aid to countries surrounding the Soviet Union on a global scale would prevent the Soviet Union from advancing. In fact, America's foreign policy towards the Soviet Union in the late 1940s was largely based on this principle, leading to the development of a series of economic and military aid policies, such as the Truman Doctrine in March 1947, the Marshall Plan in June of the same year, and the establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949. However, the Soviet Union's acquisition of the atomic bomb in 1949 and the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950 contradicted the expectations of the planners of the "containment policy," and in the 1950s, America's policy toward the Soviet Union shifted to a more hardline diplomacy led by Dulles, which was known as the "rollback policy," "massive retaliation policy," and "brinkmanship."

[Shunichi Fujimura]

[References] | Kennan | Dulles | Truman | Rollback Policy | Marshall Plan

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

1940年代末期のアメリカの対ソ外交政策。提唱者は国務省政策企画部長ジョージ・ケナン。ケナンは1947年『フォーリン・アフェアーズ』誌7月号に匿名で「ソ連の行動の源泉」と題する論文を発表。世界的な規模でソ連の周辺国に対し経済的・軍事的援助を与えれば、ソ連の進出を阻止することができるとした。事実、1940年代末期のアメリカの対ソ外交政策はほぼこの方針の下に実施され、1947年3月のトルーマン・ドクトリン、同6月のマーシャル・プラン、1949年の北大西洋条約機構(NATO(ナトー))の設立など一連の経済・軍事援助政策の展開となった。しかし1949年のソ連の原爆保有、1950年の朝鮮戦争の勃発(ぼっぱつ)などは「封じ込め政策」立案者の予想を裏切る結果となり、1950年代に入ってアメリカの対ソ政策は、より強硬な「巻返し政策」「大量報復政策」「瀬戸際政策」などといわれたダレス強硬外交へ転じた。

[藤村瞬一]

[参照項目] | ケナン | ダレス | トルーマン | 巻返し政策 | マーシャル・プラン

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