Arab philosopher. Born near Farab in Central Asia. Said to be of Turkish descent. In his childhood, he went to Baghdad to study medicine and philosophy. In the history of Islamic philosophy, he is considered the second greatest after Aristotle, and is given the honorific title of "Second Master." During his lifetime, the Twelver movement (a branch of Shiite Islam) became more active, and Farabi is thought to have had some connection to this movement. Although he was once well-treated by Sayf al-Dawla (916-967), the governor of Aleppo in Syria and a follower of the Twelver movement, Farabi preferred simple poverty and only received a salary of four silver coins a day. He lived in Damascus in his later years, and died there. His writings are extremely diverse, but he has written some excellent commentaries on Aristotle's logic, physics, and ethics. As the first systematic thinker in the history of Islamic philosophy, he established a metaphysics based on an emanationist worldview. He sees the world as a gradual emanation of the first God, and believes that human reason develops by increasing awareness of this emanation process from lower to higher. Based on this worldview, he developed his own theory of the ideal state. In other words, he believed that the leader of a nation should be someone whose reason has been highly developed through this method of perception, and that under the guidance of such a person, people should be placed in the right positions according to the developmental stage of their reason, thereby realizing an orderly society. His major works include "The Ideal State." [Koro Matsumoto October 19, 2016] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アラブの哲学者。中央アジアのファーラーブ近郊に生まれる。トルコ系の人といわれている。幼年時代にバグダードに出て医学、哲学などを学ぶ。イスラム哲学史上、アリストテレスに次ぐ大学者とみなされ、「第二の師」という尊称を冠せられている。彼の在世中に十二イマーム派(シーア派のなかの一派)の活動が盛んになり、彼もこの運動となんらかのかかわりがあったと考えられている。シリアのアレッポの太守で十二イマーム派の信者サイフ・アッダウラSayf al-Dawla(916―967)の厚遇を一時期得たが、ファーラービーは質朴清貧を好み、1日に銀貨4枚の俸給しか受け取らなかったという。晩年はダマスカスに住み、そこで生涯を終えた。 彼の著作はきわめて多岐にわたるが、なかでもアリストテレスの論理学、自然学、倫理学などについて優れた注釈を書いている。イスラム哲学史上最初の体系的思想家として、流出論的世界観に基づく形而上(けいじじょう)学を樹立している。世界を第一者である神の段階的流出現象とみて、人間理性はこの流出過程を下位から上位に向け認識を高めることで発達していくと考える。こうした世界観に基づいて独自の理想国家論を展開している。すなわち、国家の指導者はこのような認識方法により理性が最高に発達した人物がなるべきで、そういう人物の指導の下に理性の発達段階に応じ、人物が適材適所に配置され秩序ある社会が実現されるべきだと考えた。主著として『理想国家論』などがある。 [松本耿郎 2016年10月19日] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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