Faisal

Japanese: ファイサル
Faisal
King of Saudi Arabia. Reigned 1964-1975. Born in Riyadh as the third son of Abd al-Aziz bin Saud, founder of the kingdom. He served as Governor of Hijaz in 1927, Chairman of the Council of Ulama (Islamic scholars and religious leaders) in 1928, and Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1930. When his father died and his half-brother Saud ascended to the throne in 1953, he became the next king and was appointed Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs. As the economy worsened, conflicts with King Saud came to the surface, and in 1964, by resolution of the Council of Ulama, Saud abdicated and Faisal ascended to the throne. He worked to rebuild the kingdom's finances and modernize education, communications, and transportation, and took a pro-American stance in foreign affairs. Saudi Arabia, which sided with the monarchy in the Yemeni civil war of 1962, was in conflict with Egypt, which supported the republican faction, but relations between the two countries deteriorated further when Faisal proposed the formation of an Islamic league in 1966. However, the outbreak of the Third Arab-Israeli War in 1967 resolved the conflict and united the nations in the fight against Israel. In 1969, Faisal hosted the first Islamic summit in Morocco, making clear his position as the leader of the Islamic world, and when the Fourth Arab-Israeli War broke out in 1973, he led the Arab oil-producing countries in raising oil prices by reducing production and banning exports, bringing about an oil crisis and shocking Western countries. The foundations of today's Saudi Arabia were solidified under Faisal's rule, but he was assassinated by his nephew in the palace in Riyadh in 1975.
→ Related article Saudi Arabia | Fahad

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:
サウジアラビアの国王。在位1964年−1975年。王国の建設者アブド・アルアジーズ・ブン・サウードの第3子としてリヤドに生まれた。1927年ヒジャーズ知事,1928年ウラマー(イスラムの学者・宗教指導者)会議議長,1930年外務大臣を務める。1953年父王の死で異母兄のサウードが即位すると,次期王位継承者となり,副首相兼外相に任命された。経済情勢が悪化する中,サウード王との対立が表面化し,1964年ウラマー会議の決議によりサウードが退位,ファイサルが王位につく。財政の再建,教育・通信・運輸の近代化に努め,外交では親米路線をとった。1962年のイエメン内戦で王政派についたサウジアラビアは,共和派を支援するエジプトと対立関係にあったが,1966年にファイサルがイスラム同盟の結成を提唱すると,両国関係はさらに悪化した。しかし1967年の第3次中東戦争の勃発により対立を解消,対イスラエル戦で一致団結した。1969年,ファイサルは第1回イスラム諸国首脳会議をモロッコで開催,イスラム世界の盟主の立場を鮮明にし,1973年第4次中東戦争が起きると,アラブ産油国をリードして生産削減や輸出禁止などで石油価格を引き上げ,石油危機をもたらしたほか,西側諸国に衝撃を与えた。ファイサル治下で今日のサウジアラビアの基礎が固まったが,1975年,リヤドの宮廷で甥に暗殺された。
→関連項目サウジアラビア|ファハド

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