One thing, one right - Ichibutsu Ikkenshugi

Japanese: 一物一権主義 - いちぶついっけんしゅぎ
One thing, one right - Ichibutsu Ikkenshugi

This is the principle that only one ownership right can exist for one thing. In civil law, it is used in two senses. First, it means that only one right (real right) can exist for one thing. For example, two complete ownership rights cannot exist on one piece of land. However, real rights with consistent content, the coexistence of ownership and surface rights, or mortgages that are established in order of priority do not violate this principle. Second, it means that rights can only exist for one independent thing. For example, a part of an object, such as the lower half of a chimney, cannot be the subject of ownership. Also, there are no real rights for a group of objects, but conversely, there are as many rights as there are objects gathered together. However, with the remarkable economic development in recent years, special legislation that recognizes exceptions to this principle is being seen, such as various foundation mortgage laws that allow a mortgage on machinery and buildings within a company as a whole.

[Yasuyuki Takahashi]

[Reference] | Foundation Mortgage | Real Property

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

一つの物に対しては一つの所有権しか存在することができないという原則。民法上二つの意味に用いられる。第一には、一つの物のうえには一つの権利(物権)しか成立しないという意味であって、たとえば一つの土地のうえに完全な形の二つの所有権が重複して存在することはない。ただし、内容の矛盾しない物権、所有権と地上権の両立、もしくは順位をつけて設定される抵当権などはこの原則に違反しない。第二には、権利は1個の独立した物のうえにしか成立しないという意味であり、たとえば、煙突の下半分といった物の一部は所有権の対象とすることはできないし、また集合物のうえには物権が存在しないが、逆に集まっている物の数だけの権利が成立することになる。しかし、近年の著しい経済発展に伴い、企業内の機械や建物などをまとめて抵当権の対象とする各種の財団抵当法など、この主義の例外を認める特別立法もみられる。

[高橋康之]

[参照項目] | 財団抵当 | 物権

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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