Indianapolis - Indianapolis (English spelling)

Japanese: インディアナポリス - いんでぃあなぽりす(英語表記)Indianapolis
Indianapolis - Indianapolis (English spelling)

The capital of Indiana, USA, and the largest city in the state. Population 781,870 (2000). Thanks to its geographical location in the center of the state, it plays a central role in commerce, industry, and finance, and is also an important land transportation hub in the Midwest, including railroads and highways. Located on the border between the northern industrial area and the Midwestern Corn Belt, it is a major market for grains and livestock products, and is also an important manufacturing center. There are about 1,500 different manufacturing industries, but the main ones are aircraft, automobile engines and parts, electronics, pharmaceuticals, and machinery. In recent years, the retail function has been poor due to the opening of new shopping centers, but the wholesale industry is still going strong. It is also a financial and insurance center, with the headquarters of 60 insurance companies concentrated in the city.

The town was founded in 1820 and became the state capital in 1825, with a population of only 600 at the time. It subsequently developed rapidly with the opening of the railroad, and the discovery of natural gas at the end of the 19th century led to the arrival of the automobile industry, and the diversification of industry through World War I and World War II greatly promoted the city's development. There are many educational and cultural facilities, including Butler, Indiana Central, and Marian universities, as well as the Indiana University Medical Center, the largest in the United States, as well as art galleries, museums, parks, zoos, and sports facilities for citizens. Urban redevelopment has brought about major changes in the decade since the 1970s, with many skyscrapers springing up. The birthplace of the 23rd President, Benjamin Harrison, is located here. The famous "Indy 500 Mile" auto race is held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway every year on May 30th (Memorial Day).

[Kazuyo Sakuno]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アメリカ合衆国、インディアナ州の州都で、同州最大の都市。人口78万1870(2000)。州の中央部に位置するという地理的条件に恵まれて、商工業、金融の中心的役割を担い、鉄道、ハイウェーなど、中西部の陸上交通の要地としても重要。北部の工業地帯と中西部のコーンベルトとの境界域にあるため、穀物や畜産物の主要市場であるとともに、重要な製造業の中心地でもある。製造業は約1500業種と多様であるが、おもなものは航空機、自動車のエンジンや部品、エレクトロニクス、医薬品、機械などである。近年は新しいショッピング・センターの進出で、小売業の機能は思わしくないが、卸売業は健在。また60もの保険会社の本社が集中し、金融、保険の中心地ともなっている。

 1820年に町ができ、25年に同州の州都となったが、そのときの人口はわずか600人であった。その後、鉄道の開通などによって急速な発展を遂げ、さらに19世紀末の天然ガス発見から自動車工業の進出、第一次、第二次世界大戦を通じての産業の多様化が、同市の発展を大きく促した。教育・文化施設も多く、バトラー、インディアナ・セントラル、マリアンの各大学や、合衆国最大の規模を誇るインディアナ大学メディカル・センターをはじめ、美術館、博物館、公園、動物園、市民のための運動施設なども多い。都市再開発によって、1970年代以降の10年間に多くの高層ビルが林立し、大きな変化を遂げた。第23代大統領ベンジャミン・ハリソンの生家がある。インディアナポリス・モーター・スピードウェーでは、有名な「インディ500マイル」自動車レースが毎年5月30日(メモリアル・デー)に開催される。

[作野和世]

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